The goal of this research is to determine how the legal position of Singapore returning Flight Information Region (FIR) over the Riau Islands is founded on international law, which is the basis for delegating authority to Singapore to manage FIR over the Riau Islands. International legal recognition of sovereignty in airspace is contained in Article 1 of the 1919 Paris Convention, which states that "The contracting States recognize that every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory". Indonesia has the authority to manage the airspace, which is divided into two Flight Information Regions (FIR), which are managed by two air traffic service centers, the Jakarta Air Traffic Service Center for the Jakarta FIR, which covers an area of 2,593,150 km2, and the Makassar Air Traffic Service Center for the Ujung Pandang FIR, which covers an area of 4,946,543 km2. Yet, the management of FIR in these areas has never been within the control of the domestic government since Indonesia's independence. Based on international law, a judicial examination was conducted to examine Indonesia's agreement with Singapore over the takeover of the airspace service or flight information region (FIR) over the Riau Archipelago area. According to the research findings, certain articles in the FIR Agreement are quite burdensome to Indonesia. And this agreement must be thoroughly examined to determine whether it favors Indonesia or vice versa.

Incidents of sexual violence in Batam City continue to pose a serious concern for both the government and the local community, demanding immediate and comprehensive responses. Despite various efforts by the government to address this issue, the prevalence of such incidents highlights the need for more effective prevention, intervention, and legal action. This article aims to assess the government's legal handling of sexual violence cases in Batam City, focusing on the legal framework and strategic actions designed to address the problem. By utilizing a legal analytical approach, this study will explore the measures implemented by the government to combat sexual violence, evaluate the role of the law in protecting victims, and analyze how the judicial system penalizes offenders. Furthermore, the article will discuss the collaboration between government authorities and the community in enhancing public awareness and addressing the root causes of sexual violence. The research emphasizes the importance of both preventative strategies and efficient legal processes to create a safer environment for all residents. The findings of this study aim to contribute to the broader discourse on combating sexual violence and improving legal responses in urban settings, with a particular focus on Batam City.