This study aims to analyze the application of psychoanalytic and empiricist learning theories in human resource (HR) development and to examine the function of law in fostering compliance through the Integrity Zone at the Trenggalek District Attorney's Office. The urgency of this study lies in the importance of the integrity and professionalism of prosecution officials as a foundation for ensuring just legal certainty. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The findings indicate that effective HR management reflects a psychoanalytic aspect (internal mentality) influenced by empirical factors (work environment and infrastructure) as a driving force. This driving factor is then engineered through law to shape behavior. The novelty of this research is positioning the Integrity Zone not merely as an administrative program, but as an instrument of legal engineering that consciously applies learning theories to control and prevent behavioral deviations. In conclusion, administrative law, through the declaration of an Integrity Zone, serves as a strategic tool for building a culture of compliance and accountability within law enforcement institutions.

This study aims to critically examine the potential violations of the constitutional right to a good and healthy environment arising from the government’s policy of granting Special Mining Business Permit Areas (WIUPK) to religious community organizations. The urgency of this research is based on concerns that these organizations, lacking adequate technical competence, may exacerbate environmental degradation, perpetuate violations left by previous permit holders, hinder the transition to renewable energy, and obstruct access to justice for victims of environmental harm. Using a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the policy from the perspective of environmental human rights, a focus absent in prior research. The findings reveal that the policy has a strong potential to violate the right to a good and healthy environment and contradicts the state’s obligation to protect human rights as guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on the conflict of interest between the traditional role of religious organizations as community advocates and their new role as mining operators. Therefore, it is recommended that the government review and revoke the priority granting scheme for WIUPK and consider alternative participation models for religious organizations through non-operational mechanisms such as community development funds or minority non-controlling share ownership.

This study examines the relevance of the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) Regulation No. 7 of 2023 and Law No. 1 of 2022 in supporting the Small-Scale Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. The urgency of this research lies in the need to improve existing regulations and ensure legal certainty for Small-Scale PPPs, as these regulations provide relevant frameworks for such schemes. The study aims to understand how regulatory harmonization can enhance regional fiscal capacity and facilitate project implementation. Utilizing a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, the study finds that since 2015, only 6 out of 34 PPP projects involved local governments. The conclusion highlights the importance of simplifying regulations and adjusting project value requirements to increase regional participation and fiscal effectiveness. The study recommends regulatory adjustments to support more equitable and sustainable infrastructure development.