Tourism stands as a pivotal sector influencing social and cultural development, extending beyond its economic contributions to impact various facets of society. Efforts by governments to revitalize this sector include initiatives such as forming Community-Based Tourism Groups (Pokdarwis), entrusted with managing and promoting local tourism potential. Consequently, Pokdarwis are expected to assume a significant role in fostering social entrepreneurship. This research aims to delve into Pokdarwis' role in advancing social entrepreneurship to bolster tourism resilience within a region. By exploring how Pokdarwis act as catalysts in fostering a conducive ecosystem for social entrepreneurship, this study seeks to uncover effective strategies for enhancing tourism resilience and empowering local communities. Integrating Pokdarwis into the educational perspective strengthens their role in social entrepreneurship in the tourism sector. Education plays a crucial role in empowering communities and promoting sustainable development. Through collaboration with schools, universities, and educational institutions, Pokdarwis can integrate tourism-related topics into the curriculum, provide educational programs and workshops, and encourage research and knowledge sharing. These steps can enhance awareness, skills, and sustainable practices among local communities and tourists. Thus, this collaboration supports the holistic development of individuals and tourism destinations

Religious tourism is a type of tourism categorized under special interest tourism. Special interest tourism emphasizes the push factors and specific interests or pull factors that greatly motivate tourists to visit the destination. This study aims to examine the influence of push motivation factors including education, interpersonal, physiological, and pull factors including tourist attractions, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary services on the revisit intention of foreign tourists to religious tourism destinations, specifically mosques in Batam City. This research is quantitative in nature, employing an explanatory method. Sampling was done using purposive sampling with accidental sampling method. Sample size determination was conducted using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%, resulting in a minimum sample size of 100. Data was collected from 102 respondents through questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that push factors such as education, interpersonal, physiological, and pull factors such as tourist attractions, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary services have a positive and significant influence on the revisit intention of foreign tourists to religious tourism destinations, specifically mosques in Batam City. These findings imply that tourism management or local governments can enhance pull factors, particularly the amenity variable. Focus should be on improving the completeness of facilities for religious tourism activities.

This research is driven by the shift in consumer behavior of  Generation Z in using public spaces, especially cafes, as places to travel, work, socialize, and relax. This phenomenon raises questions about how Generation Z's travel behavior patterns are reflected in the use of cafes as transit spaces. This research method adopts an ethnomethodological approach to explore the travel behavior patterns of Generation Z in cafes. Using participatory observation and in-depth interviews, the study aims to understand how   Generation Z utilizes café space in the context of their travels. The aim of the study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how  Generation Z interacts with the café space in the context of their travels, as well as to identify factors influencing their preferences and behavior in the café environment. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into how   Generation Z utilizes café space in the context of their travels, as well as the implications that may arise in designing café experiences that better suit their needs and preferences. Thus, this research is expected to make a significant contribution in understanding the travel behavior patterns of  Generation Z in this digital era.