Disposal area is an area at an open pit mine that is used as a place to store or dispose of worthless materials. Disposal must also follow the specified safety factor standards, if the disposal design is not safe after being analyzed by a geotechnical engineer, the design must be redesigned to achieve the desired safety factor value. One way to increase the fk value is to make a Counterweight plan in making disposal. Where Counterweight is a fill material that is made with special treatment so that the soil bearing capacity increases which functions to withstand the load on it. Landslides on disposal slopes are one of the serious problems faced in mining activities, especially in areas with vulnerable geological and topographic conditions. PT Jembayan Muarabara, which operates in Marangkayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, is no exception to this challenge. The A–A’ cross section shows a safety factor value of 1.118 in saturated conditions, which indicates that the slope is at a stable limit and needs to be improved through engineering such as adding counterweights. The B–B’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 2.332, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The C-C’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 1.511, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the loading and unloading equipment in coal mining activities at the Mahakam Pit, PT Insani Bara Perkasa Site Km 11, East Kalimantan. The research was motivated by the importance of achieving mechanical equipment performance standards according to the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1827 of 2018. Data were obtained through direct observation and analysis of actual working time and evaluation of operational constraint factors. The results of the analysis showed that before the evaluation, the mechanical availability (MA) value was 87.24%, physical availability (PA) 88.51%, availability utilization (UA) 88.73%, and effective utilization (EU) 78.54%. After evaluating the constraint time, there was an increase in all parameters: MA to 88.71%, PA to 89%, UA increased to 90%, and EU reached 80%. This evaluation also had an impact on increasing the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment from 268.41 bcm/hour to 284.43 bcm/hour. Thus, the evaluation of work obstacles is proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the digging-loading equipment at the research location.

In the Kutai Basin area, seasonal changes such as high rainfall can significantly increase groundwater content, so that the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone, increasing water content in rocks tends to decrease shear strength. Water in the pores or fractures can increase pore water pressure and reduce effective normal stress. Shear strength is one of the most important mechanical parameters used to assess soil and rock stability, this parameter is very important in slope stability analysis, foundation planning, and various civil engineering and mining applications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether the water content in rocks can affect the strength of rocks in receiving shear forces. The method used in this study is more quantitative and specific to the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone in this area. Increasing water content in rocks tends to reduce shear strength. This study was conducted by taking claystone samples from several locations in the Kutai Basin. Data collection in the form of primary data and secondary data for testing physical properties and testing mechanical properties, in testing physical properties, the water content value will be taken as supporting data which is one of the factors that affect rock strength, in testing mechanical properties, claystone shear strength data will be taken. From the results of the physical properties test calculations, the air content in each Formation is obtained, namely, in the Kampungbaru Formation the minimum air content value is 15.54% and the maximum is 20.17%, in the Balikpapan Formation the minimum air content value is 10.21% and the maximum is 12,88%, in the Palaubalang Formation the minimum air content value is 10.49% and the maximum is 22.87%. The results of the strength of the claystone in receiving shear forces in the Kutai Basin are the Muara Jawa location 0.486MPa, Tanah Datar location 0.500 MPa, Sanga-sanga location 0.333 MPa, Muara Badak location 0.269, Air Putih location 0.711MPa, Mugirejo location 0.021 MPa and Lempake location 0.092 MPa.

The mining system applied by PT Bukit Baiduri Energi is an open pit mining system utilizing the open-pit method. The application of the open-pit method creates a depression that has a high potential to become a catchment area for both surface runoff and groundwater. In the mining pit of PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, there is a sump located at an elevation of -86 meters above sea level (mdpl). The planned mining boundary is at an elevation of -110 mdpl. Therefore, this research aims to determine the area of the catchment, runoff discharge values, sump capacity, and pump capacity, so that the volume of incoming water can be known, allowing for the control of the sump to prevent overflow that could disrupt mining activities.. Based on the data obtained and the calculations performed, the catchment area was found to be 103.42 ha. In the calculation of runoff discharge using the rational method, the total runoff discharge entering sump A9 was found to be 4,211.66 m3/day. The capacity of the sump was measured at 125,187.62 m3. In the pump capacity calculation, the pump capacity based on the pumping discharge was found to be 2,926.80 m3/day.

The increasing competition among higher education institutions necessitates effective marketing strategies to build brand awareness. Digital marketing has become a crucial tool in achieving this goal. This study aims to analyze the role of digital marketing in enhancing brand awareness in higher education institutions. The research method employed is a literature review, gathering and analyzing various relevant sources, including scientific journals, books, and previous research reports. The results indicate that implementing digital marketing strategies, such as the use of social media, content marketing, and search engine optimization (SEO), significantly contributes to the enhancement of brand awareness in higher education institutions. Moreover, active interaction and relevant content on digital platforms can increase audience engagement and loyalty. The implications of this study highlight the importance for higher education institutions to integrate digital marketing into their communication strategies to expand reach and strengthen brand image in the public eye.

The presence of natural antioxidants in medicinal plants plays a crucial role in inhibiting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this research is to explore more deeply all parts of A. esculenta L from flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and stems for the levels of compounds and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor activities. The flowers demonstrated the highest TPC with 173.15942 ± 6.5083 mg GAE/g. The stems exhibited the lowest TPC value at 69.1967 ± 2.8408 mg GAE/g. The flowers also showed TFC value of 83.157 ± 2.021 mg QE/g while the stems displayed the lowest with 36.7240 ± 1.337 mg QE/g. IC50 value that the flowers possessed the highest antioxidant activity with 22.6539 ± 1.6452 mg/mL, whereas the stems displayed a slightly lower. In terms of the inhibitor of a-amylase activity, the flowers had an IC50 value of 102.4885 ± 11.4370 mg/mL whereas the stems had a lower. The highest IC50 value of the a-glucosidase inhibitor was 76.95 ± 12.0888 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. The highest IC50 of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was 109.5943 ± 9.7391 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. This study show that there is a relationship between the high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids on antioxidants, antidiabetic and antilipase activities.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial containing calcium phosphate with the chemical formula which is similar to the structure of human bone, so it is good for the purpose of healing human bones and teeth. HAp synthesis has several methods that can affect the results of HAp synthesis, such as the method of mixing CaO with phosphate, namely mixing with ultrasonic machines and magnetic stirrers. However, the discussion about the difference of HAp results with the mixing method of ultrasonic machine and magnetic stirrer is still rarely done. Therefore, it is important to examine and compare the characteristics of HAp synthesized by ultrasonic and magnetic stirrer mixing. The result of XRD test shows that HA1 has a purity of weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 99.8%, while HA2 has a weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 97.7%. For the FTIR test results of both specimens detected the presence of phosphate groups, and hydoxide, where both are the basic form of hydroxyapatite. Carbonate groups were also detected in the test, but it cannot be said to be bad because carbonate is a natural substitute for phosphate. 

This research aims to analyze the comparison of the power output of monocrystalline solar panels with and without the use of mirror reflectors. The utilization of solar energy continues to grow, but the efficiency of solar panels highly depends on light intensity. The use of mirror reflectors is proposed as a method to increase the irradiation received by the panels. A quantitative experimental method was used, involving two identical configurations of monocrystalline solar panels: one without a reflector (control) and one with a mirror reflector. Voltage, current, temperature, and power data were collected every minute from 08:00 to 14:00 WIB using a microcontroller-based data acquisition system. The average results show an increase in the output power of the panel with a reflector (1.75W) compared to without a reflector (1.58W), although the temperature of the panel with a reflector is slightly higher. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the F-value (15206.12) far exceeds the F-table (2.012305) with a p-value approaching zero (0). These results statistically prove the existence of a significant difference in power output between the two configurations. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of mirror reflectors substantially increases the power output of monocrystalline solar panels, making it an effective strategy for optimizing the performance of photovoltaic systems.

The use of the pronouns kami and kita in Bahasa Indonesia is an issue for most Indonesian youths nowadays. Most of them use it incorrectly. This study explores the problematic usage of the pronouns kami and kita among Millennials and Gen Z in Indonesia. The research led to understanding how these generations comprehend and differentiate these words in daily use communication. A semantic approach is used to analyze the data since the basic difference between kami and kita pronouns is in the level of meaning. Interviews with ten respondents revealed that only three correctly understood the semantic differences between kami and kita. Most respondents understand the difference pragmatically, associating kami with formal contexts and kita with informal ones. Furthermore, most of them think that the difference between the two pronouns is in the number of subjects in a conversation. This misunderstanding often leads to incorrect usage in conversations. The study highlights the need for better awareness of semantic differences to avoid miscommunication. This research is expected to increase the awareness of Indonesian youths to use both pronouns correctly to avoid misunderstandings in communication.

This research aims to find out what factors cause women to become victims of abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City and how legal protection is for women as victims of abuse in dating relationships at the Gorontalo City Police Department. This research uses empirical legal research methods which are carried out by collecting data through observation and interviews. The results of this research show that abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City is a very worrying phenomenon and can have a negative impact on victims and society as a whole. Abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City involves various factors, both internal factors such as a high level of emotional dependence, low levels of victim self-confidence, and the victim's tendency to justify aggressive behavior from their partners, while external factors occur due to the influence of the social environment. , norms and culture, the influence of the environment where violence occurs, and position and power. The suggestion in this research is that the Government, especially the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in Gorontalo Regency, continues to strive to carry out more outreach to the people of Hutuo Subdistrict to carry out land registration so that they can have a certificate to obtain legal certainty. The legal protection provided by the Gorontalo City Police for victims of abuse in dating relationships is carried out by providing priority and quick responses to reports of abuse, collecting supporting evidence by conducting investigations into cases of abuse in dating relationships, such as witness statements, and physical evidence. The Gorontalo City Police also provides physical protection such as giving a detention order against the perpetrator and providing a safe space for the victim and maintaining the confidentiality of the victim's personal information to prevent further threats from the perpetrator.