This study critically examines the implementation of Article 20 of Law No. 31/1999, as amended by Law No. 20/2001, concerning the eradication of corruption (UU Tipikor), with a focus on corporate accountability in corruption offenses. It aims to address three primary concerns: (1) the practical application of corporate liability mechanisms, (2) the effectiveness of sanctions imposed on corporations, and (3) the legal obstacles that impede the full enforcement of corporate criminal responsibility. Employing a normative legal approach, this research integrates statutory analysis, case law evaluation, and theoretical exploration. The findings highlight considerable challenges in proving corporate liability, as well as the limited scope and effectiveness of current penalties. These difficulties stem from ambiguities in distinguishing between the responsibilities of individuals and the corporation, and the lack of consistent legal interpretation by law enforcement authorities. The study proposes a set of recommendations, including the formulation of clear technical guidelines, the continuous professional development of legal practitioners, the enhancement of sanctions against corporations, and the establishment of a centralized database of judicial decisions involving corporate criminal liability. These measures are essential to ensure more effective corporate accountability and the prevention of systemic corruption in Indonesia.

The dynamics of legal politics in resolving conflicts through mediation in Indonesia. The mediation process is an alternative dispute resolution that is increasingly popular in Indonesia, both in the context of civil and socio-political conflicts. This research aims to analyze the role of mediation in resolving conflicts as well as the impact of legal politics involved in this process. Mediation in Indonesia often involves political factors that influence the course of the process, both from the government, judicial institutions and other related parties. In this study, the author examines various cases of successful and failed mediation, and explores how political intervention can strengthen or hinder the effectiveness of mediation. The research results show that although mediation offers a peaceful solution, political dynamics are often an obstacle that needs to be considered in optimizing this route as a means of resolving disputes. This paper is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities of mediation in the Indonesian legal system.

The Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional state, as specified in Article 1, Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. As a nation that upholds the rule of law as the highest authority in its governmental system, the existence of the Judiciary plays a central role as an absolute requirement for upholding the supremacy of law to ensure justice. According to the provisions of Article 24, Paragraph (2), the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are institutions with the highest authority in enforcing law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. The 2024 Indonesian Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, also known as the 2024 Presidential Election, is the fifth such election in Indonesia to choose the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this election triggered various reactions from different groups. Criticism of the results, particularly from opposing candidates, was not uncommon. This debate occurred not only among political elites but also within the broader community. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the results of the 2024 Presidential Election and its impact on Indonesia's political and legal systems. This research employs a normative juridical legal approach, using library research as the primary data source. The study reveals that in resolving disputes over the 2024 Presidential Election results, the Constitutional Court considered valid and relevant evidence, despite dissenting opinions from some judges. The decision's impact-both in terms of the winner's legitimacy and public perception-can either enhance or deteriorate public views on the quality of Indonesia's democracy. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the role of the Constitutional Court in safeguarding electoral integrity, addressing political controversies, and its implications for Indonesia's future political system.

In order to preserve and uphold the honor, dignity, and the behavior of the judge is required to supervise the attitude of the constitutional judge to fit the code of ethics, so that each judge's ruling will be implemented in order to enforce the law and justice based on Pancasila and the Constitution 1945 asapermanent legal political for supervision of the constitutional judges . Meanwhile legal politics incidental that becomes a choice among others: a) Behavior of Constitutional Judges are supervised by the Board of Ethics established by the Constitutional Court, and for the reported judges or suspected violations of ethic codes of Constitutional Judges formed by Honorary Council of Constitutional Judges who were proposed by Ethics Council, with the task of implementing and serving as judicial ethic; and b) there is no judicial supervision against Constitutional Court's decision as well as supervision of a court decision which was in the Supreme Court through the mechanism of legal remedies ( ordinary and extraordinary).

This paper describes the dynamics of legal politics in the regulation of Simultaneous Regional Elections in Indonesia with a focus on the effectiveness of implementation and its impact on local democracy. Simultaneous Regional Elections, which began in 2015, are the government's efforts to improve the efficiency of regional head elections while strengthening the democratic system. However, its implementation faces various challenges, such as regulatory complexity, potential political conflict, and impacts on the quality of representation at the local level. This study uses a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative analysis method to evaluate the laws and regulations governing Simultaneous Regional Elections, including Law Number 10 of 2016 and its implementing policies. Data were obtained through literature studies, legal documents, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results of the study show that, although Simultaneous Regional Elections bring benefits in the form of budget efficiency and strengthening political stability, this policy also poses a number of challenges. Among them are the gap in local government capacity, strengthening political oligarchy, and decreasing the quality of community participation at the local level. In addition, the implementation of Simultaneous Regional Elections tends to sacrifice regional autonomy in the context of local democracy, given the homogenization of election times that do not always match regional needs. This study recommends the need for a revision of regulations that are more adaptive to local needs, increasing public political education, and strengthening the capacity of election organizers to ensure that Simultaneous Regional Elections can run effectively without sacrificing the principles of local democracy.

Village funds disbursed by the government sourced from the APBN are still considered as assets that continue to be targeted by certain Village Heads with low morals. The high political costs to get the number one seat in the village cause people to do anything to get it. Because the village funds disbursed are quite tempting. In just one year in mathematical calculations, the capital spent during the process of getting the position of village head can be returned. Therefore, the suboptimal performance of the village head is due to many stumbling blocks of interest. The village head is no longer focused on the promised programs. The village head only focuses on efforts to return the campaign funds spent so far. The high number of corruption cases that hit the village head if it does not become the government's attention, the disbursement of village funds which were originally intended to make the village strong, advanced and independent will be in vain. That is why the role of the Village Consultative Body is needed here, an independent institution whose status is outside the village government. The function of the BPD which is expressly stated in the village law has not been implemented optimally, this results in village fund leaks always occurring every year in almost all regions of Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research type, namely research that focuses on research on related laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that Village Fund Supervision in Improving the Performance of the Village Consultative Body has not been guided and based on the principles of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The BPD has not fully carried out its functions. And the obstacles experienced are mainly in the HR aspect besides the absence of regulations that explicitly explain how the technical supervision of the allocation of village funds.

Corporate crime is one of the activities or activities that arise in line with rapid developments in the economic and technological fields. The development of the position of corporations as business institutions is increasingly strengthening, making corporations as legal subjects dominate economic life without government control. One of the corporate violations that frequently occurs today is song copyright infringement. Violations that have a major impact on the music business, especially on songwriters as owners of original works . The law that regulates copyright infringement is Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Copyright is an exclusive right for the creator or recipient of the right to publish or reproduce his creation or work by giving permission to do so without prejudice to restrictions according to applicable laws and regulations. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method which examines laws and regulations in a society's legal system relating to corporate responsibility as a legal subject for violations of song copyright . The data collection method is qualitative descriptive analysis with emphasis on literature study. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations as legal subjects to violate song copyright and the responsibility of corporations as legal subjects to violate song copyright.
 

Environmental pollution that exceeds quality standards is often carried out by corporations. Law enforcement in the environmental sector, in addition to resolution through administrative law, also through the application of criminal law. In recent developments, law enforcement in the environmental sector has moved closer to a premium remedy . This research aims to analyze feasibility effective application of law in the environmental sector through normative legal research or library legal research using a juridical approach. In this research, it can be concluded that by implementing administrative sanctions against corporations, we should also apply criminal law to corporations that have repeatedly polluted the environment, so that the aim of the law, namely justice, can be accepted by the living creatures affected by it.
 

corporation is a group of people and/or assets that are organized, whether legal entities or non-legal entities. Corporate crimes that occur in Indonesia are quite an important note in law enforcement in Indonesia. The discussion of corporate crime is very different from crimes that occur in general (as regulated in the Criminal Code). The problem formulation in this research is the dimensions of corporate crime. And the aim of the research based on the problem formulation above is to determine and analyze the dimensions of corporate crime. This research method is analytical descriptive research which is research to describe and analyze existing research and is included in the type of library research which will be presented descriptively. Corporate crime has special characteristics when compared to other types of crime. The general view has at least 2 (two) main characteristics, namely Non Violent (non-violent) and Corrosive effect (damaging moral standards). Corporate crime is essentially an act that is condemned by law. Its existence is an act prohibited by any law. Therefore, the understanding of corporate crime can be divided based on the understanding of corporate crime as organized crime because it involves all aspects and parts of the corporation, as transnational crime because the scope of acts carried out is not only in one country but across countries . As a white collar crime considering that corporations are parties who have an important position and have certain economic power in society.
 
 

Corporate Crime or what can be called a criminal act of corruption is a crime committed jointly where the impact can damage democracy, morality, harm state finances, violate the social and economic rights of the community. Nowadays, corporate development seems to be increasingly rapid both in terms of quality, quantity and in the field of business it operates. Corporations operate in fields such as banking, transportation, entertainment, agriculture and so on. The existence of corporations brings many benefits to society and the state, such as: an increase in state treasury income from taxes and foreign exchange, opening up job opportunities, increasing technology transfer and so on. However, there are also negative impacts from these corporations, such as: environmental pollution, exploitation or depletion of natural resources, tax manipulation, exploitation of workers and so on. The emergence of this negative impact is due to corporations pursuing large profits.