This study aims to evaluate the effect of grafting and budding techniques on the growth and success of avocado (Persea americana) plant propagation. Grafting and budding techniques are vegetative methods commonly used in horticultural plant propagation to maintain the genetic quality of the parent plant. The study was conducted using avocado plants with grafting and budding techniques on the rootstock. The parameters observed included the level of success of unification (compatibility rate), shoot growth rate, survival percentage, and growth in stem diameter and plant height during a certain period. The results showed that the grafting technique provided a higher success rate than the budding technique on certain varieties, with a survival percentage reaching 85%. However, the budding technique showed advantages in the parameter of shoot growth rate, especially on varieties with specific or better environmental adaptation. This study shows that choosing the right propagation technique, depending on the characteristics of the variety and environmental conditions, is a key factor in supporting the success of avocado plant propagation. These findings are expected to be a reference for farmers and researchers in optimizing the production of high-quality avocado seedlings.

Women's empowerment is a modern concept that marks progressive changes in efforts to liberate from patriarchal culture, where women's involvement in society was previously very minimal. Efforts to align the portion of involvement of all genders are often referred to as the equal rights movement or women's liberation movement. In Setren Village, women's involvement is still low, with the achievement of SDG 5 point "Village Women's Involvement" only 26.32%. Based on this assessment, our community service work program is focused on increasing women's involvement. We initiated two main programs: empowerment of Village PKK Organizations through the creation of Village Gardens and education on Verticulture planting media, as well as rebranding of Mrs. Sri's Village MSMEs which operate in the soybean juice beverage sector. By partnering with the PKK, this women's empowerment organization is expected to be able to contribute to community development. Support for MSMEs also aims to improve the economic and environmental aspects of villages. This research aims to evaluate the results of the women's empowerment program in Setren Village. In contrast to previous research which focused on crafts, our approach uses planting media education and MSME support. The service will be carried out for three months, from March to July 2024, in accordance with the SDGs of Setren Village. The methods used include surveys, discussions and problem identification. Surveys were conducted at the Village Hall and the Village Head's house to obtain initial information. The second visit was made to Mrs. Sri's house to understand the condition of MSMEs. After identifying the problem, discussions were held to determine the work program based on the relevant Setren Village SDG point 5.

Ferns are low-level plants whose distribution is quite wide and are often found on the campus of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The aim of this research is to determine the calcification and relationships of ferns that live in the campus area using direct exploration methods by observing their morphological characteristics. The data from morphological observations is then processed into a dendogrm so that relationships can be identified and read using the similarity index formula. The results of this research show that 2 divisions of ferns were found, namely pteridophyta and traceophyta. In the pteridophyta division, 1 class, 2 orders, 6 families and 9 species were found. Meanwhile, in the traceophyta division, 1 class, 1 order, 1 family and 1 species were found. The results of the kinship analysis show that the 10 species of ferns can be divided into 2 large groups based on 16 morphological traits. The relationship between species is measured using the Sorensen similarity index, which shows that several species have a relationship that is very close (? 75%), close (51-74%), not close (26-50%), and very not close (? 25%). For example, Pityrogramma calomelanos and Adiantum capillus are very closely related with a similarity index of 87.5%, while Pyrrosia piloselloides and Phymatosorus scolopendria are not closely related with a similarity index of 43%.

The high divorce rate in Jember is a major problem in the biological and psychological development of a child. In this case the author wants to explore the parenting patterns of divorced families, both those who still maintain good communication between the three (husband-child-wife) and vice versa. There are several parenting patterns that parents can use. The author wants to try to know and describe the parenting patterns of single parents in an effort to shape children's behavior. The results of this study are presented descriptively through a qualitative approach in order to obtain clear information about the focus of the problem. The results of this study can be concluded, namely first, democratic parenting is the parenting of parents who interact with their children using how to provide freedom with supervision and second, permissive parenting is a parenting pattern where parental attention is valued less towards children or children always get whatever they want without control and limits