This study aimed to develop a competency-based performance evaluation model for mathematics teachers at the junior secondary level. Recognizing the crucial role of teacher quality in student achievement, the study focused on measurable aspects of performance, including content mastery, instructional management, and professional commitment. A quantitative approach was employed using a research and development (R&D) framework, supported by a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews, and expert validations through focus group discussions. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and LISREL. The results indicated that the developed model effectively differentiated teacher performance across various school categories, with 45% categorized as good, 53% adequate, and 2% poor. Student achievement was positively correlated, with 82% achieving the minimum competency threshold. The factor analysis confirmed a valid measurement model: F1 = 0.505ZX1 + 0.475ZX2 + 0.308ZX3, explaining 57.92% of the variance in teacher performance. The findings suggest that teacher evaluation must integrate multidimensional competencies and contextual factors to be accurate and actionable. This study contributes a validated, data-driven evaluation framework aligned with national standards and global educational expectations, offering practical implications for policy, supervision, and teacher development.

This research aims to examine the factors that influence the ability of class IX junior high school students in Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, to solve story problems, both theoretical and applied. A total of two hundred and four students in the 2023/2024 academic year were selected using a double-phased cluster sampling technique. The research instrument used in this research was theoretical and applied mathematics story test questions created by researchers. The data obtained were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the analysis show that solving theoretical and applied mathematics story problems shows the same tendency, which is influenced both directly by mathematical numerical and verbal abilities and indirectly by the ability to create mathematical models. From these results, teachers must strive to improve numerical and verbal mathematical abilities because these two abilities, directly or indirectly through the ability to create mathematical models together, can improve students' abilities in solving theoretical and applied word problems.

. Fraction is one of the materials in mathematics subject in class VII odd semester, which students must master well. Because this material continues from elementary school. Fraction is related to every day, and many problems use the concept of fractions. The research aims to describe the errors according to Newman's procedure, which students carry out to solve the issues. The methods used in data collection were tests and interviews. The written examination was given to class VII 15 students as the subject. The test questions consist of 4 item description questions, then from the results of the written test of 5 students who made mistakes according to the Newman procedure. The results of research that have been carried out on students according to Newman's approach in solving fractions questions as indicated by the results of their daily tests, the most frequent error is the process skill error and encoding error with a percentage of 58,33%, the transformation error is 51,66%, comprehension error 41,66% and the last percentage of reading error 25 %. The causes of student errors include being unable to read correctly, not understanding fractions, and being unable to determine the formula or steps to use, such as making mistakes in the calculation process and writing wrong information or answers.