This study explores the philosophy of wasiat wajibah (obligatory bequest) within the Islamic inheritance law system in Indonesia, by examining its philosophical, normative, and practical foundations in the context of national law. Wasiat wajibah is a legal institution that grants a mandatory inheritance share to heirs who are otherwise excluded from inheritance rights, such as grandchildren whose parent (the child of the deceased) has passed away before the testator. The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophical foundations of wasiat wajibah, its relevance to the Islamic principle of justice, and its integration into Indonesia's positive legal system. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a normative-philosophical method. Data were collected through literature review of both primary and secondary sources, including classical Islamic jurisprudence texts, Indonesian legal regulations (such as the Compilation of Islamic Law), and philosophical writings on Islamic legal thought. The data were analyzed interpretively and reflectively through textual and conceptual analysis. The findings indicate that wasiat wajibah is grounded in strong philosophical principles of justice, compassion, and protection of vulnerable groups. In the Indonesian context, this concept has been incorporated into the Compilation of Islamic Law, particularly in Article 209, as a form of legal adaptation to the complex and plural realities of modern society. However, its implementation still faces challenges due to differing scholarly opinions among Islamic schools of thought and limited awareness among legal practitioners. In conclusion, wasiat wajibah serves as a bridge between Islamic moral values and a responsive positive legal system. A philosophical approach to wasiat wajibah reinforces the urgency of reconstructing the Islamic inheritance system in Indonesia to be more just, adaptive, and contextually relevant.

This study aims to examine the impact of social status, family economic conditions, and student motivation on the learning achievement of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 26 Matekko, located in the Kecamatan Gantarang of Kabupaten Bulukumba. The research employed a quantitative Ex Post Facto design, collecting data from 45 students using questionnaires, observations, and literature studies. The analysis involved multiple regression to explore the relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that all three factors—social status, family economic conditions, and student motivation—positively and significantly affect learning achievement. Notably, social status emerged as the most influential factor. These results suggest the need for targeted interventions addressing socio-economic disparities and enhancing student motivation. Future research should consider a broader range of variables and a longitudinal approach.

During the time of Rasulullah SAW, Muslims did not need certain rules in understanding sharia law. After the spread of Futuhat Islamiyah, Arab Muslims interacted a lot with other nations who had different languages. On the other hand, the need for ijtihad is very urgent, because there are many new problems that have never occurred before and require clarity in fiqh law. So two large madrasahs emerged that reflected their ijtihad method - the Ahlir-ra'yi Madrasah used more qiyas (analogies) to generate heated debates, thus making the ulama feel the need to create written regulations that were recorded as common law in uniting these two madrasas. The hadith about being more careful in giving fatwas and qiyas gave rise to heated debate, making the ulama feel the need to make written rules which were recorded as joint laws in uniting the two madrasas. Imam Syafi'i was the first person to write a book about ushul fiqh-Imam Syafii was a great mufti of the Muslim community who was also the founder of the Syafi'i school, developing his school in Baghdad. Ushul fiqh is the postulates of fiqh which are global in nature - The object of the discussion is to study the postulates which are still of a general nature seen from their general legal provisions and the ultimate aim of studying them is to protect the Islamic religion from deviations and misuse of the postulates of the Shari'a, so that misleading carelessness does not occur.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Bestari learning community in enhancing the pedagogical competence of teachers at SMKN Campalagian, Luyo District, Polewali Mandar Regency. This qualitative research uses a descriptive approach. The subjects of the study include the head of the learning community, the school principal, two IPAS subject teachers, and two vocational subject teachers who are also members of the Bestari community. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that the Bestari learning community significantly contributes to improving teachers' pedagogical competence. Through intensive collaboration, relevant training, and deep reflection, teachers have become more confident and innovative in addressing educational challenges. Strategic solutions, such as fostering collaboration, promoting the use of technology, and strengthening the community’s role, helped overcome the challenges teachers faced in the classroom. This initiative not only bolstered teachers’ ability to design and implement effective teaching strategies but also empowered them to adapt to changes in the educational landscape, significantly improving their overall pedagogical skills.