This research aims to explore the ways in which teachers address the challenges of learning mathematics for children in primary schools by referring to behavioristic theory. This theory emphasizes the central role of stimuli and reactions in influencing learning behavior, and the application of both positive and negative reinforcement to improve students' motivation and understanding. The approach adopted was a descriptive qualitative method using case studies in various primary schools. The results indicated that behavior-focused methods, such as providing repeated practice of problems, immediate feedback, use of concrete tools, and regular application of rewards and punishments, can improve students' enthusiasm and mathematics learning outcomes. However, teacher-driven learning and lack of innovation are barriers to implementation. Therefore, a combination with other methods is needed to make the learning process more thorough.

The impact of binge watching is an evolving phenomenon affecting consumers' continuation intention on video-on-demand (VOD) platforms, mediated by cliffhangers. This study targets a population of young individuals aged 17-25 years. The research design is quantitative, aiming to demonstrate the cause-and-effect relationship between binge watching and continuation intention, mediated by cliffhangers. The novelty of this research lies in not only examining the direct relationship between binge watching and continuation intention but also investigating the mediating effect of cliffhangers, providing deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of consumer behavior. Data analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS application, utilizing primary data for the study. The findings indicate that cliffhangers directly have a positive and significant impact on the continuation intention for video-on-demand and also significantly influence binge watching. Additionally, binge watching has a positive and significant effect on the continuation intention for video-on-demand. However, indirect, binge watching has a positive but not significant effect on the continuation intention for video-on-demand when mediated by cliffhangers.

This study examines the marketing strategy for Ubique (Ubi Crème Brulee), an innovative product based on sweet potatoes, using the 4P marketing mix approach (Product, Price, Place, Promotion). A qualitative case study method was employed through interviews, observations, and analysis of marketing materials. The findings reveal that product innovation combining local ingredients with international flavors, affordable premium pricing strategies, creative distribution channels such as Demo Day, and promotion through digital media and Word of Mouth were key success factors. These results highlight further development opportunities to expand market reach and enhance Ubique's competitiveness.

It is expected that UMKM will become a leading economic sector in order to achieve its building goals. This is due to the fact that UMKM is one of the few businesses that can thrive in challenging economic conditions. Due to this, in order for UMKM to be able to continue, UMKM has to have sound financial management practices. The first is having accurate financial knowledge and the ability to create financial reports that are needed to formulate business strategies that will eventually emerge. The financial performance of East Sudimara Culinary MSME in Ciledug, Tangerang does not reflect a sound financial performance. Training and mentorship outcomes, such as basic accounting and financial report writing, raise MSME actors' knowledge of the value of the information collected.

Background: Nutritional problems that occur in early life have serious consequences. Underweight in children under five accounts for 4.7% of deaths or two million deaths from all deaths of children under five in the world. Mother's Milk Breast milk is the best food because it contains balanced and perfect nutrition for baby's growth and development. However, considering that when mothers are unable to breastfeed or can only breastfeed partially, there is a legitimate market for breast milk replacement products (PASI) for infants as an effort to fulfill infant nutrition.
Methods: This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach using a cross sectional design. This study aims to determine the relationship between the provision of breast milk substitutes with the nutritional status of infants at the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency in 2021. The population in this study were all infants aged 6 months in the working area of the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu as many as 32 babies. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling so that the number of samples was 32 infants. Data analysis was carried out by statistical tests using chi-square with a significance degree of = 0.05.
Results: Most babies were not given PASI, as many as 22 people (68.7%) and a small portion were given PASI, namely 10 people (31.3%). Most of the reasons why babies were given PASI were recommended by family/friends as many as 5 people (50%), because 3 people did not get breast milk (30%) and a small part because the mother worked as much as 2 people (20%). Most of the baby's nutritional status is normal, as many as 25 people (78.1%.) and a small portion of the abnormal status is as many as 7 people (21.9%). The results of the chi square test obtained a p-value = 0.019, this value < 0.005, this means that there is a significant relationship between the provision of Breast Milk Substitutes (PASI) and the nutritional status of infants.
 

This School Action Research aims to see the effectiveness of the academic supervision of the T2SM method in improving the professional competence of teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Depok in the 2020/2021 academic year. This research was conducted in odd semesters with 36 teachers as the object of research. Professional teachers are teachers who are able to carry out their duties in accordance with their responsibilities and professions according to their characteristics, among others; understand the task, collaborate effectively with students, parents of students, fellow teachers, and the community, able to develop themselves for the sake of improving services to students; able to direct, motivate and grow student behavior; and maintain the position code of ethics. The purpose of academic supervision is to help teachers develop skills, develop curricula, develop teacher working groups, and guide classroom action research to achieve the learning goals set for their students. The result of this research is that there is an increase in the number of teachers and the percentage of academic competence. It can be seen that 94.46% have completed learning administration, carried out classroom learning activities in accordance with the learning implementation plan, and have carried out an assessment in accordance with the assessment guidelines both on the assessment of attitudes, knowledge, and skills and have carried out item analysis. The use of the T2SM method has proven to be effective in improving the professional competence of teachers.