Minang or Minangkabau is an ethnic cultural group that adheres to a distinctive customary system, namely the family system according to female lineage which is called the matrilineal system. In Minangkabau culture, marriage is one of the important events in the life cycle and is a very significant transitional period in forming a new small family group for offspring. The purpose of this research is to find out the symbolic meaning in Minangkabau traditional marriage. This research uses a qualitative method and uses the Peirce’s theory. The informants of this study are people who understand Minangkabau culture, such as the coconut of the Minangkabau tribe. Data collection techniques through observation and direct interviews to the field and obtain information from several books and websites. the results obtained were: maminang (applying), rapek sumando (consultation of traditional leaders), malam bainai (attaching henna to the bride), Manjapuik marapulai (picking up the groom), basandiang (side by side). Then the researcher compiles, describes, and writes the symbolic meanings that exist in the traditional Minangkabau wedding steps.

This research discussed the self-defense mechanism found in the main character in The Blind Side movie by John Lee Hancock. The writer focused on the analysis of the main character in the movie, named Big Mike. The results of this research indicate that there are several actions taken by the main character towards building self-defense mechanisms. There are eight kinds of self-defense mechanisms in Big Mike's character, namely repression, reaction formation, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, aggression, fantasy, and denial, which represent how Big Mike's character tries to adapt to his new life and protect those closest to him. To achieve the research objectives, the writer uses literary criticism in analyzing Big Mike's character as well as psychological approaches and the theory of self-defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. The primary data for this study was collected from the script and dialogue of The Blind Side movie, which was then analyzed using qualitative methods to reveal various types of self-defense mechanisms contained in the character of Big Mike.
                                                                                                           
 

Social commentary is one aspect related to society in seeing a phenomenon that occurs. The researcher see a phenomenon that occurs in a community environment and is represented by poem. Where poem used figurative language to beautify writing. The object in this research is a poem by William Shakespeare entitled A Fairy Song. This research aims to explain the figurative language contained in A Fairy Song and also to analyze the social comments are found in A Fairy Song. This research used the structuralism theory proposed by Strauss, Wellek and Warren. The sociological literary criticism proposed by Marx and Lukacs. The methodology that used in this research is qualitative method approach with the phenomenological approach by Husserl. There are five figurative language contained in A Fairy Song poem such as alliteration, hyperbole, simile, metaphor and personification. The figurative language here is also used as a social commentary which generates criticism of this poem. Social comments are found because of the words that use figurative language to interpret a meaning. The researcher found the social comments from the used of figurative language such as injustice, discrimination and exploitation.