Learning media are physical tools that deliver information or learning materials to students. Educational videos have become one of the aids used in teaching and learning activities. These videos can support the learning process by conveying materials through the use of technology. Therefore, the researcher was interested in developing a medium that can be both heard and seen by students to help them better understand the subject matter. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg & Gall development model, which consists of ten development steps. The development process included initial information gathering, planning, initial product development, expert validation tests, initial product revisions, small-scale testing, second product revisions, large-scale field testing, final product refinement, and product dissemination. The results showed that the validity test of the learning media yielded a percentage of 94% from media experts, 96% from subject matter experts, 94% from language experts, and 94% from teachers. Meanwhile, the product effectiveness test using a Paired Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000, which is lower than the threshold of 0.05. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, proving a significant difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the educational video. Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational video on "Human Needs and Resource Scarcity" for Grade VII Social Studies is valid according to experts and effective in improving student learning outcomes.

This research is motivated by the low enthusiasm, participation, and creativity of students in social studies learning which is considered boring and difficult, resulting in low learning outcomes. One effort to overcome this problem is to apply the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model based on the Mirigambar Temple photography project through Blogger media. This study aims to determine the effect of PjBL on learning outcomes, creativity, and both simultaneously. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 20 control class students and 20 experimental class students selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were creativity questionnaires and learning outcome tests. Data analysis used the Independent Sample T-Test and MANOVA. The results showed that PjBL learning had a significant effect on learning outcomes, creativity, and learning outcomes and creativity of students together. These findings indicate that the application of PjBL through a Blogger-based photography project can create active, enjoyable learning, and is able to optimally increase student potential, so it is worthy of being an alternative strategy for learning social studies in schools.

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of validity and effectiveness of the e-module based on book creator on the distribution of flora and fauna in the world for class XI SMA Negeri 1 Gondang. This study uses the R&D method with the Borg and Gall model. The main subjects in this study were students in class XI-1 SMA Negeri 1 Gondang with a total of 39 students. The results of this study indicate that the results of the media expert validation test were 98%, the material expert validation was 95%, the language expert validation was 98%, and the subject teacher validation was 95%. The results of the effectiveness test through the Paired Sample t-Test showed a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Thus, the alternative hypothesis is declared accepted and shows that there is a difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the e-module. So, it can be concluded that the e-module based on book creator on the distribution of flora and fauna in the world is valid according to experts and effective in improving student learning outcomes.