Shivering is a common issue experienced by patients during surgery, caused by exposure to cold operating room air. This loss of body heat can make patients uncomfortable and require more oxygen. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management of shivering and hypothermia based on literature review. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The article selection process followed the PICO framework. The population consists of individual patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia. The study included patients who experienced shivering and underwent non-pharmacological interventions for temperature management. Articles published between 2018 and 2024 were searched in four databases: Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) format. The initial search identified 270 articles, which were narrowed down to 12 after removing duplicates and reviewing titles and inclusion criteria. In this study, 1326 individuals undergoing surgery were surveyed. To prevent hypothermia and shivering, several non-pharmacological methods can be used, such as pre-warming using forced-air warming, which increases body temperature. Isothermic irrigation was found to reduce the decrease in core temperature and the incidence of shivering. Preoperative warming can be done for durations of 30, 15, and 10 minutes before induction. To conclude, shivering can be prevented by non-pharmacological methods to increase core body temperature so that it will increase patient comfort during surgery. One of the innovations that can be done is by making warm vests

Hypertension stands as a perilous non-communicable disease, often leading to emotional instability among affected individuals. Symptoms like irritability, sleeplessness, and stress are commonly experienced by those with hypertension. Sleep quality is notably disrupted, with patients frequently experiencing discomfort and worry, often manifested as headaches, leading to disturbed sleep patterns. A multi-pronged approach is crucial for optimal results. Non-pharmacological interventions, combining health education with stress management techniques like progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and deep breathing exercises, prove beneficial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combined approach on the sleep quality of hypertensive patients, utilizing a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest research design. The non-probability sampling technique employed accidental sampling, involving 17 hypertensive patients meeting specific criteria. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test yielded a significant result (p-value) of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. The combined intervention of health education, deep breath relaxation, and progressive muscle relaxation exhibited a positive impact on improving sleep quality among hypertensive patients. Further qualitative research is warranted to explore the experiences of hypertensive patients engaging in routine deep breath relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation therapies.

Needle-free jet injection (NFJI) is a needleless method for insulin delivery in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study evaluates NFJI's effectiveness in controlling blood glucose. In this study, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching six databases (EBSCO Host, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search yielded a total of 379 articles. We used the following keywords: "Jet injection," "Injection Ject," "Needle-Free Injection," "Insulin," "Diabetes Mellitus Type 2," "Diabetes Type 2," "Type 2 Diabetes," and "Blood Glucose" to identify relevant studies. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of insulin jet NFJI in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM patients. We assessed the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools checklist. Out of the 379 articles identified, only seven met the inclusion criteria. Among these, six articles employed the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) method, while one article used a quasi-experimental design. Respondents in the study consisted of T2DM patients who were divided into two research groups: the intervention group and the control group. The results indicated a significant difference in blood glucose control values between the two groups. NFJI insulin method significantly improves glucose control. It offers advantages like painless, scar-free, low drug preparation, reusability, ease of use, and minimal disease transmission. Recommended for long-term T2DM treatment.