Coconut shell is an organic waste that has the potential to be used as fuel, activated carbon, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients because it has good thermal diffusion properties due to its high cellulose and lignin content. This study aims to produce a heterogeneous catalyst based on activated carbon activated with H?PO? and KOH and to determine the effect of concentration and activation time. The method used is coconut shell pyrolysis at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours, followed by activation using acids and bases. A total of 20 grams of activated carbon was calcined at a temperature of 500°C for 3 hours. Catalyst characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze functional groups and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystallinity of the resulting biochar.

Human resources are the driving force of animal husbandry in Indonesia, because the role of human resources is important and aligned with qualified work skills will create sustainable dairy farms. This Literature Review aims to examine the effect of increasing productivity and sustainability of dairy farms through optimizing human resource management. This study used a systematic review method. After collecting information from 13 SINTA accredited journals and SCOPUS indexed journals, it was found that optimizing human resource management plays an important role in realizing productivity and sustainability of dairy cows, as found in this literature review that empowering farmers by providing training, knowledge and skills is a key factor in increasing production yields that support business sustainability.

This literature review examines the effectiveness of Brain Gym as an intervention to improve children's learning concentration. Brain Gym is a series of physical movements developed to enhance brain function. Several studies in the last decade have suggested that Brain Gym activities can positively influence children's attention span and cognitive performance, particularly in educational settings. Through a review of 20 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2024, this study finds consistent evidence of improved focus and academic engagement among children who participated in regular Brain Gym exercises. The findings suggest that Brain Gym can serve as a complementary approach to conventional teaching strategies, especially for elementary-level learners. Implications for educators and future research are discussed.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam bagaimana pengambilan keputusan berperan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas sistem pengendalian manajemen (SPM) di dalam organisasi. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan metode studi pustaka, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi berbagai literatur akademik dan temuan empiris terkini guna memahami hubungan antara keputusan manajerial, struktur pengendalian, serta tantangan-tantangan strategis yang dihadapi organisasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan yang berbasis data, partisipatif, dan responsif terhadap konteks lingkungan organisasi, mampu meningkatkan keakuratan, kecepatan, dan relevansi keputusan yang diambil. Hal ini berimplikasi pada efektivitas pelaksanaan strategi dan pencapaian tujuan organisasi. Sistem pengendalian yang fleksibel dan terintegrasi dengan teknologi informasi terbukti mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan secara lebih adaptif, terutama dalam menghadapi dinamika lingkungan bisnis yang kompleks dan berubah cepat. Dengan demikian, penguatan sinergi antara pengambilan keputusan dan sistem pengendalian manajemen menjadi faktor kunci dalam menciptakan organisasi yang tangguh dan berorientasi pada keberlanjutan.

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

The objective of this study is to design an appropriate strategy in instilling character values ??in grade 5 students of SDN Walikukun, with an emphasis on strengthening the values ??of responsibility, discipline, honesty, and cooperation. The study employed literature studies and qualitative data analysis, which resulted in the conclusion that it is very important for character building in elementary schools to be implemented systematically and sustainably. These efforts need to involve the active role of various parties, such as teachers, parents, schools, and the surrounding environment. The implementation strategy includes integrating character values ??in the teaching and learning process, habituating positive daily actions, role models from teachers, and monitoring student development through behavioral documentation. In addition, democratic and communicative parenting patterns greatly influence children's character formation, especially if adjusted to the child's innate personality type which can be recognized through approaches such as genetic personality. Simple digital technology can also be used as a supporting medium for character education, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure. The results obtained from this study are hoped to be used as a reference in the implementation of relevant and effective character education at SDN Walikukun.

This article discusses the importance of integration between Islamic education and sharia law in building the character of the young generation who have noble morals and have strong legal awareness. With a theoretical and practical approach, this study explores how the Islamic education curriculum can be aligned with the values ??of sharia law through holistic learning methods. This study also presents a case study of the successful implementation of this integration in several educational institutions in Indonesia.

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has a strategic role in improving community welfare, especially in rural areas. This research aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) faced by coconut processing MSMEs in Gesikharjo Village, Palang District. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with MSME actors, field observations, and document analysis. The research results show that the main strengths of these MSMEs are the availability of local raw materials and community support. However, weaknesses such as technological and management limitations are still challenges. Opportunities such as increasing demand for processed coconut products in local and national markets provide bright prospects, although threats such as price competition and global market fluctuations still need to be watched out for. Research recommendations include strengthening the managerial capacity of MSME players, product innovation, and collaboration with the government and private sector to create a sustainable business ecosystem.

 Mojolaban is one of the sub-districts in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, which has 15 villages. The district has Mojolaban main health center, Jatimalang auxiliary health center and Kustati Clinic. Low back pain (LBP) is a disease that is widely suffered in Sukoharjo Regency, according to the Sukoharjo Regency Health Office, LBP sufferers amounted to 3,670 people from 2018-2022. LBP is one of the health problems that is often not taken seriously by the community, especially the elderly. Even though if left unchecked it can interfere with daily life and reduce quality of life. The purpose of this counseling is to prevent, promote health related to LBP with the target participants of the Matahari Elderly Posyandu located in Ds. Wirun Mojolaban. The measurement used in this activity is a pre-test and post-test questionnaire to measure the understanding of the elderly. The results of the questionnaire showed a good improvement with an average pre test and post test increase of 50%. For this reason, posyandu cadres always follow-up so that the elderly can do this exercise not only during counseling but also at home.

Penelitian ini berisi tentang Analisis Kinerja Pendaptan Dalam Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2022-2023. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kinerja keuangan pendapatan provinsi Jawa Barat yang cukup baik dari beberapa aspek seperti pertumbuhan pendapatan pada PAD dengan rata-rata 7,22%, rasio kemandirian dengan rata-rata 69,35%, rasio efektifitas dengan rata-rata 99,99%, dan rasio efisiensi dengan rata-rata 1,41%. Namun sedikit ada penurunan pada varians dikarenakan lebih kecilnya realisasi pendapatan daripada anggaran yang direncanakan.