Preventing and addressing bullying in schools is crucial for creating a safe and supportive educational environment for student development. Bullying, whether physical, verbal, or psychological, can have long-term impacts on the mental and emotional well-being of students who are victims. This study aims to explore strategies implemented by schools to address and prevent bullying, and to analyze the challenges faced in implementing these strategies. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study approach in several schools in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, students, and parents, as well as observations of school programs. Document analysis of school policies on bullying was also conducted. The study found that although most schools have policies related to bullying, insufficient supervision and a lack of parental involvement in supporting these policies remain obstacles. Other factors influencing the effectiveness of bullying prevention are teacher awareness and skills in addressing students' social issues. This study recommends a community-based approach, in which all parties, from students, teachers, and parents, play an active role in creating an anti-bullying culture. Training programs for teachers and outreach to students regarding the negative impacts of bullying need to be improved. With stronger policies and increased awareness, it is hoped that bullying can be minimized and addressed, making schools a safe place for learning and development. Implementing this community-based approach is expected to create a culture that is free from bullying and provide better support for victims of bullying.

This study aims to analyze i‘rab in Arabic syntax from two main perspectives: classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches, as well as to evaluate the application of i‘rab in the construction of Arabic sentences. I‘rab refers to the inflection of a word’s ending, which indicates its syntactic function in a sentence, playing a crucial role in determining the meaning and structure of the sentence in Arabic. In the context of classical nahwu theory, as found in works such as Al-Kitab by Sibawaih and Al-Mufassal by Al-Zamakhsyari, i‘rab functions as a grammatical marker that helps to understand the relationships between the elements of a sentence, such as the subject, object, and complement. In contrast, modern linguistic approaches view i‘rab as one component in a more complex sentence structure, focusing on overall syntactic and semantic analysis. The research methodology employed is qualitative-descriptive with a content analysis approach, where data is collected from library studies covering primary literature in the fields of classical nahwu and modern linguistics. This study analyzes and compares the application of classical nahwu theory with modern linguistic approaches to i‘rab and its impact on understanding sentence structure in Arabic. The results show that although classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches differ in their application of i‘rab, they complement each other in providing a more comprehensive understanding of Arabic sentence syntax. A proper understanding of i‘rab is essential not only in teaching Arabic but also in translating and interpreting Arabic texts, both in academic and practical contexts. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Arabic language teaching and serve as a reference for Arabic scholars interested in syntactic studies and its applications in Arabic sentence analysis.

Appropriated artwork refers to the practice of using pre-existing objects or images into new works of art with little or no significant changes to the original form. This trend developed into the Pop Art movement, where one of the characteristic features was the use of images from mass media, as seen in the works of Andy Warhol, including the transformation of Campbell's soup cans into iconic works of art. Although widely appreciated, this work has drawn criticism regarding copyright infringement, raising the question: where do one artist's rights draw on another? To what extent is the appropriation of copyright protected works considered legal without violating the rights of the original creator?
The research results show that the two legal systems differ significantly in the aspects of exclusive rights, moral rights, protected works, exceptions, and duration of protection. The challenge in understanding fair use lies in determining the boundaries between the rights of one artist and another. The fair use doctrine assesses four main factors: the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the original work, the proportion of the work used, and the impact on the market. Courts in the US often favor fair use if elements of transformation are identified, measuring the extent to which the appropriated work carries elements of originality or new creativity. Indonesia could consider adopting the fair use doctrine by adapting the concept through ministerial regulations or other implementing regulations.

To achieve optimal funding, an effective marketing strategy is needed for the success of the company. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix functions as an analytical tool designed to improve performance through mapping between units based on growth rates and relative market share. This research is a field study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The focus of this study is the daily products of KSP Gunung Slamet Ajibarang Branch. The data collection methods applied by the researcher consist of observation, structured interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study describe the product position and strategies that can be implemented by considering market growth and existing market share. Daily products are in the cash cow category with market growth of 6.66% and a relative market share of around 1.10. Strategies that can be implemented include increasing productivity and quality to ensure competitiveness and provide value to consumers.

This study aims to examine, analyze, and describe the determination of selling prices for special orders using the relevant cost approach and the cost-plus pricing method at "Puna Jaya" Tempeh Factory in Poso Regency. This research is a descriptive analytical study. The relevant cost analysis shows that the production cost for special-order tempeh is lower than regular production. The cost-plus pricing analysis indicates that the selling price of large special-order tempeh is 11.68% lower, while small special-order tempeh is 21.43% lower compared to regular production prices. Although the price of special-order tempeh is lower, it maintains profitability levels of 30.85% for large tempeh and 20.57% for small tempeh, consistent with regular production. This analysis is expected to contribute to "Puna Jaya" Tempeh Factory in enhancing its competitive advantage over other tempeh producers in Poso Regency.

Mata pelajaran fisika kelas X pada materi pengukuran merupakan materi yang sulit dan sering mengalami miskonsepsi. Miskonsepsi merupakan kesalahan konsep yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang berbeda dengan para ahli. Miskonsepsi akan berdampak tidak baik pada proses pembelajaran apabila tidak ditindaklanjuti. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada siswa serta faktor penyebab miskonsepsi pada materi pengukuran. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui bagaimana miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa pada materi pengukuran dengan menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test serta faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya miskonsepsi pada siswa kelas X SMA N 8 Semarang. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 Mei -16 Juni 2024. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu siswa-siswi kelas X Fisika dengan metode purposive sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 141 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test tipe pilihan ganda dan wawancara pada siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan siswa masih mengalami miskonsepsi sebanyak 34,45% dari jumlah sampel dan berada pada kategori sedang. Beberapa miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada sub konsep besaran dan satuan sebanyak 30,71%, sub konsep angka penting sebanyak 39,57% dan sub konsep ketidakpastian pengukuran sebanyak 33,07%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa miskonsepsi masih terjadi pada siswa SMA N 8 Semarang khususnya pada materi pengukuran kelas X.

This study aims to identify and address the challenges of early childhood character education in facing the digital era full of exposure to inappropriate content. Through a qualitative approach with the Community-Based Research (CBR) method, this study involved early childhood, teachers, parents, and religious/community leaders in designing practical solutions. The identification results showed several challenges, such as exposure to inappropriate content, lack of parental supervision, and dependence on digital technology. The solutions implemented include increasing the role of parents, the use of positive content, alternative non-digital activities, and collaboration with educational institutions. By implementing a community-based faith and piety strengthening program, through religious value story activities, role-playing, and discipline activities, it is hoped that there will be an increase in understanding, positive behavioral changes in children, and more targeted use of digital technology. Recommendations include increasing parental digital literacy, compiling an educational curriculum that supports character strengthening, and providing a safe and child-friendly educational space. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of strengthening the faith and piety of early childhood in the digital era and provides practical guidance for parents, educators, and the community in guiding early childhood towards the formation of good character according to religious values.

This study presents the results of a survey conducted to analyze the impact of packaging training on the home industry of Samiler crackers in Mojojajar Village. A questionnaire was distributed to 25 respondents, including both consumers and producers of Samiler crackers. The findings reveal that 100% of respondents have purchased Samiler crackers, with 50% indicating that packaging is very important in their purchasing decisions. Additionally, 83.3% of respondents are willing to pay more for better packaging, highlighting the awareness of the importance of packaging quality. While many respondents find the current packaging design attractive, there is a need for improved information provided on the packaging. Recommendations for further development include enhancing packaging design, increasing awareness of government support for SMEs, and providing ongoing training on packaging techniques. This initiative is expected to contribute to local economic development and improve the welfare of the Mojojajar community.

Bankruptcy is one of the main threats to business sustainability, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This article explores the importance of financial planning, accurate record-keeping, and cash flow management strategies to mitigate bankruptcy risks, focusing on a case study of Rumah Makan Fajar Jeumpa. The findings reveal that irregular transaction recording, ineffective cash flow management, and the absence of structured financial strategies are key factors contributing to financial vulnerability. By implementing simple financial record-keeping systems, creating budget projections, and diversifying income sources, MSMEs can enhance operational stability and reduce financial risks. These findings emphasize that comprehensive financial planning, supported by adequate financial literacy, is crucial in ensuring business sustainability and fostering MSME growth.

This research aims to analyze the legal impact of certificates not in the name of the debtor which are made as credit collateral at the Bank and to analyze efforts to resolve loans of debtors who are in default while certificates not in the name of the debtor are made as credit collateral. The urgency of this research is so that the public gets legal certainty regarding certificates not in the debtor's name which are used as collateral for credit at the bank and debtors experience default so that the public is more careful in lending their certificates to other people to be used as collateral at the bank. This type of research is known as normative jurisprudence. The results of the research show that involving third parties in the process of debt contracts against credit is not prohibited. However, the regulation does not explicitly regulate the rights and obligations of third parties, so it cannot provide explicit legal protection to the third party as the guarantor in cases where he feels injured either by the debtor or the creditor of the credit. Consequently, the legal impact arising from the availability of collateral certificates of debt borrowers.




Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak hukum sertifikat bukan atas nama debitur yang dibuat sebagai jaminan kredit di Bank dan untuk menganalisa upaya penyelesaian pinjaman debitur yang mengalami wanprestasi sedang sertifikat bukan atas nama debitur yang dibuat sebagai jaminan kredit. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah agar masyarakat mendapatkan kepastian hukum tentang sertifikat bukan atas nama debitur yang dijadikan jaminan kredit di bank dan debitur mengalami wanprestasi agar masyarakat lebih berhati-hati dalam meminjamkan sertifikatnya kepada orang lain untuk dijadikan jaminan di bank. Jenis penelitian ini dikenal sebagai yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melibatkan pihak ketiga dalam proses perjanjian utang piutang terhadap kredit tidak dilarang. Namun, peraturan tersebut tidak secara eksplisit mengatur hak dan kewajiban pihak ketiga, sehingga tidak dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum yang jelas bagi pihak ketiga sebagai pemilik jaminan dalam kasus di mana ia merasa dirugikan baik terhadap debitur maupun kreditur kredit tersebut. Akibatnya, dampak hukum yang timbul dari adanya jaminan sertifikat hutang piutang