Accounting conservatism is a precautionary concept that really needs to be considered in accounting for financial statements because company activities are accompanied by uncertainty. This study aims to determine the effect of leverage (X1) and company size (X2) on accounting conservatism in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data source used in this research is secondary data in the form of annual financial reports. The population used in this study were all food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.Idx.co.id) in 2017-2021 which were selected using purposive sampling. The number of samples used in the study were 11 companies. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. Based on the test results it was found that leverage had a positive and significant effect on accounting conservatism in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and company size had a negative and significant effect on accounting conservatism in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

The tendency of accounting fraud has attracted a lot of media attention and has become an issue that is often heard and important in the eyes of world business people. Not only in the BUMN sector but also in companies engaged in Merchandising. The city of Padang which is the capital of the province of West Sumatra which also has many companies engaged in Merchandising. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of the effectiveness of internal control and individual morality on the tendency of accounting fraud in merchandising companies in the city of Padang. This type of research is quantitative research. The population used in this study were all employees who carry out accounting duties and functions in merchandising companies in the city of Padang. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires directly to the respondents concerned. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 22. The results showed that the effectiveness of internal control had no effect on the tendency of accounting fraud in merchandising companies in the city of Padang, while the individual morality had a negative effect on the tendency of accounting fraud in merchandising companies in the city of Padang.