This research aims to develop functions for a line follower robot by adding the ability to detect objects in front of the robot using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, enabling the robot to stop and avoid collisions. In addition, the robot is equipped with a smartphone control function using Bluetooth. With the ultrasonic sensor positioned at the front of the robot, it can detect the distance of objects ahead, allowing the robot to stop its wheel movement when an object is detected nearby. In addition, the integration of the HC-05 Bluetooth module into the robot's system enables wireless control of the robot's movement via Bluetooth commands sent from a smartphone application. The methods used in this research include designing the robot's hardware circuitry, programming the Arduino microcontroller, developing a smartphone application, and testing the robot's performance in various scenarios. The results of the tests show that the robot can accurately follow the designated path, stop when an obstacle is detected in front of it, and respond to commands from the smartphone. The additional features implemented in this research extend the robot's functionality beyond simply following a predefined path.
 
Keywords: Bluetooth HC-05, Robot Line Follower, Smartphone Control, Ultrasonic Sensor
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan fitur pada robot line follower dengan penambahan fitur mendeteksi benda atau objek didepan robot menggunakan sensor ultrasonic HC-SR04 agar robot dapat berhenti dan tidak membentur objek tersebut, serta penambahan fitur control robot menggunakan smartphone menggunakan bluetooth. Dengan adanya sensor ultrasonik yang terletak pada bagian depan robot, maka robot dapat mendeteksi jarak objek yang berada didepan robot sehingga robot mampu memiliki kemampuan untuk menghentikan gerakan roda Ketika terdeteksi ada objek dekat yang berada didepan robot. Selain itu dengan adanya modul Bluetooth HC-05 yang terintegrasi dengan sistem pada robot, maka robot dapat dikendalikan arah geraknya secara nirkabel menggunakan protocol Bluetooth yang diperintahkan melalui aplikasi pada smartphone. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi perancangan rangkaian perangkat keras pada robot, pemrograman mikrokontroler Arduino, pembuatan aplikasi pada smartphone serta pengujian kinerja robot pada beberapa sekenario yang diujikan. Hasil dari pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, menunjukan bahwa robot dapat mengikuti garis lintasan yang yang dibuat serta mampu berhenti Ketika terdapat objek yang menghalangi pergerakan robot dari sisi depan, dan robot mampu untuk perespon perintah yang dikendalikan dari smartphone. Penambahan fitur-fitur yang diberikan pada penelitian ini, menjadikan robot memiliki fungsi yang lebih dari sekedar bergerak mengikuti lintasan yang telah ada.

Human emotional understanding has become one of the most rapidly emerging fields developed over the years since the emotional state is created and influenced by several neither easily measured and nor predicted factors. The proposed novel approach is based on the mixture of the processed acceleration data of several designed activities and processed heart rate data under several emotional states, recorded by the application of`smart band devices. Since the processed acceleration and heart rate data are running on different dimensionalities and recorded by different types of sensors, some machine learning-based methods applied to fusing these two kinds of data. The results of the data fusion methods are defined as the new fused datasets for Multi-Layer Perceptron and Support Vector Machines classifiers based on a selected criterion. At last, the accuracy results of the selected classifiers running under the defined machine-learning-based fusion dataset compared to each other to find out the effectiveness of the proposed fusion method.