Digital transformation in village governance has become a primary strategy for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in human resource (HR) management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital technology in village government HR management and its impact on productivity and administrative efficiency. Employing a systematic literature review method, this research examines implementation trends, success factors, challenges, and optimal strategies for digitalization in HR management at the village level. The findings indicate that the adoption of technologies such as electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM), cloud computing, and village information systems contributes to faster administration, increased accountability, and optimized performance of village officials. However, challenges remain in technology adoption, including low digital literacy among village officials, limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, as well as regulatory and policy constraints. To overcome these hurdles, a comprehensive strategy is required, encompassing capacity building through training, strengthening digital infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among central government, village governments, and the private sector. With appropriate policy implementation, the integration of digital technology in village-level HR management can improve public service quality and support more modern and responsive governance.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the important role of village heads in achieving sustainable village development in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative research approach, utilizing a literature review method to explore and synthesize various studies, articles, journals, and reports related to the village heads' roles. The data collection was conducted through a systematic literature search using relevant keywords such as "village head role," "sustainable village development," "community participation," "local resource management," "village-owned enterprises (BUMDes)," and "SDGs in villages." The gathered data were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to the village heads' roles in managing development, encouraging community participation, and implementing sustainable development policies. The study concludes that village heads play a multifaceted role in planning and managing village development, facilitating community participation, and ensuring transparent and accountable management of village funds. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of corruption risks and equitable community participation. The findings emphasize the need for improved capacity building for village heads and stronger support from the government to achieve sustainable development goals at the village level.
 
 

The dynamics of plantation farming occure in some regions has been widely discussed. One  example  is the plantation farming at North Moriwali (Indonesian: Morowali Utara). There are two groups of farmers living in North Morowali territory, particularly in the Sub-District of North Mori. The first group chooses to make a living by cultivating cocoa, for the following reasons: 1) avoiding the risk of being lost, 2) Easy access to market, 3) Business capital, and 4) Cocoa is a sustainable plant. The second group is farmers who decide to make replacement on their cocoa plantation to other commodities (commodity change). This article will discuss factors influencing these farmers in making the replacement.Kata Kunci: dinamika perkebunan, perkebunan, petani, kakao, perubahan komoditas.