This study discusses 5G network security regulations and policies from a national and international perspective, with a focus on the challenges and handling of global cyber threats. Given the cross-border threats, security and regulation are important issues in the implementation of 5G technology. The approach used is qualitative interpretive with additional limited experiments, including cyber attack simulations. The result of the study show that cyber policies in Indonesia are not yet fully coordinated, unlike countries such as the US, the European Union, and China which have more comprehensive regulations. Experiments prove that the implementation of protocols such as IPSec and TLS can reduce risks in 5G networks. Therefore, Indonesia is advised to form more integrated regulations that comply with international standards. This study also suggests further research in real scenarios and the development of a more in-depth policy evaluation system.

The development of the Smart City concept demands a reliable, flexible communication network infrastructure capable of covering the entire urban area. This study designs a wireless network based on mesh topology as a communication solution to support various Smart City applications. Mesh topology is chosen for its advantages in scalability, path redundancy, and fault tolerance. The research method involves designing a network simulation with varying numbers of nodes and testing performance parameters such as throughput, latency, and packet loss. Simulation results show that an increase in the number of nodes correlates with higher throughput, lower latency, and reduced packet loss. These findings indicate that mesh topology is highly suitable for meeting the real-time and stable connectivity needs of Smart City implementations. This network design is expected to serve as a foundation for future digital infrastructure development in smart cities.

The 5G network represents a major technological advancement driving the progress of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly through its ability to transmit data at high speeds with near-instant response times. It enables stable connectivity for a greater number of IoT devices within a single area without compromising network performance, thereby supporting the development of advanced applications such as smart cities, precision agriculture, smart grids, and modern healthcare services. In the energy sector, 5G enhances smart grid management by enabling more efficient energy distribution. In healthcare, it allows real-time monitoring of patients through IoT-based medical devices. Meanwhile, in the agricultural domain, 5G facilitates intelligent land management and supports more accurate decision-making. Overall, 5G strengthens IoT capabilities by providing highly precise and real-time data, which accelerates analytical processes and improves operational performance. Consequently, 5G plays a strategic role in advancing digital transformation across various industrial and social sectors, boosting productivity, operational efficiency, and service quality, while also opening new opportunities for future IoT implementations.