This study examines ethnomathematics in traditional tools of the Malay ethnic group at the North Sumatra Provincial Museum, encompassing ceremonial and livelihood tools. The research employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods to explore the mathematical concepts embedded in these objects. Ceremonial tools such as bentan, tiered trays, incense burners, and glass holders were analyzed based on geometric concepts such as circles, cylinders, ratios, and sequences, while livelihood tools such as goat hoofs, horns, sickle, and one-sided fish traps represent spatial geometry, symmetry, and volume concepts. The findings reveal that these traditional objects not only serve practical purposes but also contain mathematical and philosophical values reflecting Malay culture. These tools can be utilized as context-based mathematics learning media, helping students understand mathematics through the lens of local culture. This study emphasizes the significant role of ethnomathematics in integrating education with cultural preservation while strengthening local identity in the era of globalization.

The importance of computational thinking skills has encouraged educational institutions around the world to integrate these concepts into their curricula. However, the challenge faced is finding the most effective learning methods and models to teach these skills. An appropriate learning model must not only be able to attract students' interest and motivation, but must also be able to increase their understanding and practical abilities in computational thinking. This research adopts a literature review method to explore information about effective learning models in improving students' computational thinking skills. Data was collected from various sources such as national and international journals, reference books, newspapers and magazines. The main aim of this literature review, as explained. The results of research on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning show very positive results in improving students' computational thinking. These two models not only improve computational thinking skills, but also critical, creative and analytical thinking skills, as well as student participation and involvement in the learning process.