The exploitation of women within religious institutions is driven by patriarchy and the manipulation of religion, resulting in sexual violence, discrimination, and systemic gender injustice. This study discusses the film Maharaj as a medium that reveals the exploitation of women and critiques patriarchal religious institutions. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Triangulation of techniques and time was used to ensure data validity. Research findings show that the film Maharaj reveals the exploitation of women in religious institutions through visual symbolism, body gestures, and rituals such as Charan Seva, which reflect patriarchal and spiritual domination legitimized by culture. The representation of submissive and silent women becomes a marker of systemic oppression. A cultural feminist approach is used to highlight the courage of women to resist this structure. The spiral of silence theory explains the victims’ silence as a result of social and religious stigma. Karsandas Mulji appears as a symbol of resistance, opening space for discourse through media. This film acts as a form of social criticism that calls for critical awareness, justice, and gender equality. Conclusion: The film highlights the exploitation of women in religion and presents resistance as a form of social critique for gender equality.

Cibanjaran River is one of the rivers located in the Galunggung Mountain area, with abundant sand sources, so there is sand mining. Cibanjaran River experiences the impact of mining, one of which is sedimentation. This study aims to determine the mass and mass distribution of bed load of Cibanjaran River from upstream to downstream. It also analyzes the gradation of basic sediments, sediment transport with the Schoklitsch method (1935), and simulations using HEC-RAS 6.5 software. Based on the results of the study, the upstream bottom sediment is poorly graded gravel with sand, the middle is well-graded sand with gravel, and the downstream is poorly graded gravel with sand. It has a specific gravity of 2.75 - 2.8. The mass transport of bottom sediment using the Schoklitsch calculation method is upstream 22,383.53 tons/day, middle 7,844.56 tons/day, and downstream 10,561.30 tons/day. While the results of the HEC-RAS 6.5 simulation produced a mass of sediment transport in the upstream Sta. 10833, which is 26,217.41 tons/day, in the middle of Sta. 6399 is 4,502.31 tons/day, and downstream Sta. 13 is 10,517.47 tons/day. The results of calculations and simulations can be a reference in strategic planning to mitigate the impact of sedimentation, so it is necessary to control mining activities and optimize sediment control infrastructure to maintain the sustainability of the river ecosystem and minimize negative impacts on surrounding communities.