This study examines the urgency of implementing conjugal visits in Indonesia through the lens of positive law and human rights, with a case study at the Class IIA Correctional Institution in Pangkalpinang. Limited access to healthy sexual relations with spouses contributes to stress, behavioral problems, and the spread of infectious diseases in overcrowded facilities. Conjugal visits are proposed to improve inmates' psychological well-being, maintain family ties, and support rehabilitation efforts. The research employs interviews, field observations, and literature reviews to address five key objectives: (1) identifying the legal vacuum in existing regulations, (2) examining practices related to inmates' sexual needs, (3) analyzing the relationship between overcrowding and deviant sexual behavior, (4) exploring legal considerations necessary for implementing conjugal visits, and (5) identifying challenges and proposing practical solutions. The findings show that conjugal visits reduce deviant sexual behavior, lower infection risks, and strengthen family relationships, thereby aiding successful reintegration into society. However, obstacles include the absence of a clear legal framework, budget constraints, and inadequate facilities in correctional institutions. This study emphasizes the need for legal reform, recommending a phased implementation of conjugal visits based on international best practices. Its novelty lies in proposing a progressive policy that aligns with the right to family life and procreation, as guaranteed by Articles 28B and 28H of the 1945 Constitution and the 1957 Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.

This study explores the legal intricacies of drug crimes involving substances like Gorilla Tobacco under Indonesia's Narcotics Law, aiming to address disparities in penalty severity. Employing legal normative methods, conceptual approaches, and statutory analysis, it examines key provisions of the law, particularly the proving mechanism for Gorilla Tobacco offenses and the significance of Guideline No. 11 of 2021. Emphasizing the need to standardize evidence calculation and suspect qualifications for a fair legal foundation, the research highlights the complexities in investigating and prosecuting Gorilla Tobacco-related crimes. It underscores the importance of international collaboration and community involvement in addressing these challenges. Through structured analysis, this study provides valuable insights into the evolving mechanism of criminal proof for Gorilla Tobacco offenses, advocating for fairness and effectiveness within the criminal justice system. The incorporation of Guideline No. 11 proves pivotal in this pursuit, offering a balanced response to the dynamic nature of drug-related crimes and the evolving legal landscape in Indonesia.

This study explores Indonesia's legal approach to narcotics rehabilitation under Law Number 35 of 2009, focusing on a shift from punitive measures to a public health framework. Article 54 mandates both medical and narcotics rehabilitation for addicts, emphasizing a commitment to breaking the cycle of dependency. Through analyzing legal provisions, Supreme Court circulars, and joint regulations, this research highlights a three-stage rehabilitation process: medical, non-medical, and aftercare phases. Emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment, insights align with the ultimum remedium principle, advocating for alternative policies. Results reveal a progressive legal landscape recognizing narcotics users as individuals in need of treatment. Supreme Court circulars and joint regulations aim to address challenges, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between legal, health, and social entities for an effective narcotics rehabilitation system in Indonesia. This legal mandate signifies a pivotal shift towards a holistic, public health-oriented response to narcotics offenses, reflecting an acknowledgment of addiction's multifaceted nature. Ongoing collaboration is crucial for successfully integrating rehabilitation into the legal framework, ensuring a compassionate and effective response to narcotics-related issues.

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the urgency of resolving the Chinese and Indonesian Nine Dash Line conflict in North Natuna waters. As a strategic area with economic resource value and important global shipping lanes, the creation of a sense of security and legal certainty is an unavoidable necessity. The method used in the research is juridical-normative, with a review of laws and regulations, international legal norms, and international arbitration jurisprudence related to China's claims to the South China Sea and North Natuna. International jurisdiction based on UNCLOS 1982 establishes North Natuna as part of Indonesia's EEZ with sovereign rights. China's claims and direct intervention against North Natuna are illegal and violate the norms of international law. In this regard, differences in views and national interests between Indonesia and China result in a number of potential conflicts in North Natuna, including the entry of fishing boats and Chinese coastal patrols. In contrast to a number of related literature, this study specifically provides strategic considerations related to the most potential approach in conflict resolution, namely through ASEAN-China collective diplomacy with the Code of Conduct. Identification of conflict resolution strategies is a fundamental and urgent aspect in this study, with comprehensive consideration related to the causes, interests, and projects of conflict resolution that occurred in North Natuna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengelaborasi urgensitas penyelesaian konflik Nine Dash Line Tiongkok dan Indonesia di perairan Natuna Utara. Sebagai kawasan strategis dengan nilai sumberdaya ekonomi dan jalur perlintasan pelayaran global yang penting, penciptaan rasa aman dan kepastian hukum menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif, dengan pengkajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, norma hukum internasional, serta yurisprudensi arbitrase internasional terkait dengan klaim Tiongkok atas Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Natuna Utara. Yurisdiksi internasional berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982 menetapkan Natuna Utara sebagai bagian ZEE Indonesia dengan hak berdaulat. Klaim dan intervensi langsung Tiongkok terhadap Natuna Utara adalah bentuk tindakan ilegal dan menyalahi norma hukum internasional. Dalam hal ini, perbedaan cara pandang dan kepentingan nasional antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok menghasilkan sejumlah potensi konflik di Natuna Utara, termasuk diantaranya dengan masuknya kapal nelayan dan patroli pantai Tiongkok. Berbeda dengan sejumlah literatur terkait, penelitian ini secara spesifik memberikan pertimbangan strategis terkait pendekatan yang paling potensial dalam resolusi konflik, yakni melalui diplomasi kolektif ASEAN-Tiongkok dengan Code of Conduct. Identifikasi strategi resolusi konflik merupakan aspek yang fundamental dan urgentif dalam penelitian ini, dengan pertimbangan komprehensif terkait dengan penyebab, kepentingan, dan proyekni penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi di Natuna Utara.