This qualitative literature review examines the influence of index fund ownership on share recall behavior and proxy voting outcomes. Index funds, as passive investors with substantial ownership stakes, have significant power in corporate governance, especially through their voting decisions. Although typically less involved in shareholder activism, their voting behavior can shape corporate outcomes, providing stability in governance. However, the review also highlights concerns about the lack of active scrutiny over management decisions, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes in companies with weak governance structures. The review compares findings from various studies, emphasizing the evolving role of index funds in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder value. It also discusses the limitations of existing literature and calls for future research to explore the behavior of different types of index funds, as well as the potential influence of ESG factors on corporate decision-making.

This research delves into sustainable digital marketing models aimed at enhancing product branding for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). With the burgeoning digital landscape, MSMEs face challenges in effectively leveraging digital platforms for brand promotion. The study's objective is to identify and evaluate sustainable digital marketing strategies conducive to uplifting MSMEs' product branding. Employing a qualitative research design, data is gathered through semi-structured interviews and content analysis of relevant literature. A purposive sampling technique is utilized to select participants from diverse MSME sectors. The data is analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. Preliminary findings highlight the significance of personalized content, social media engagement, and eco-friendly branding in fostering sustainable digital marketing for MSMEs. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainable marketing practices tailored to the unique needs and constraints of MSMEs, offering insights for policymakers, practitioners, and MSME owners seeking to enhance their digital marketing strategies.
 

This study investigates the role of sustainability and digital marketing in enhancing the branding of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The aim is to explore how these factors contribute to the branding strategies of MSMEs, particularly in the context of emerging markets. Employing a qualitative approach, the study utilizes a purposive sampling technique to select participants from MSMEs operating in diverse sectors. Data collection involves in-depth interviews and content analysis of digital marketing strategies employed by the selected enterprises. Through thematic analysis, the study examines the interplay between sustainability initiatives, digital marketing efforts, and branding outcomes. Findings reveal the significance of incorporating sustainable practices into branding strategies, alongside the pivotal role of digital marketing channels in enhancing brand visibility and engagement. The study contributes to the understanding of effective branding strategies for MSMEs in leveraging sustainability and digital marketing opportunities to foster brand recognition and competitiveness in the market.