This study focuses on analyzing the illocutionary acts present in Retno Marsudi’s speech during the general debate of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly. This study aims to describe the types of illocutionary acts employed, discerning the most and least frequent types as well as their implications. The data were analyzed by the descriptive qualitative method, and collected by finding out the video, watching the video, transcribing the speech video, and then identifying the data that were related to the theory. The writers used Searle’s theory for the types of illocutionary acts, which categorizes illocutionary acts into five types: representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The findings from the study revealed that there are a total of 87 data points found in the speech, with directive acts being the most dominant with a total of 37 (42,5%), followed by representative at 27 (31%), commissive at 13 (15%), declarative at 6 (6,9%), and expressive being the least dominant at 4 (4,6%). The findings indicate that directive acts are primarily used to convey urgent messages and prompt action, while expressive acts are the least dominant, reflecting Retno Marsudi’s emphasis on advocating for action rather than expressing personal emotions or attitudes

This study investigates the impact of adaptive assessment tools on student learning outcomes, engagement and knowledge retention compared to traditional assessment methods. The research employs a descriptive survey design, utilising a quantitative research approach to gather data from 200 students across various educational settings in Kwara State, Nigeria. The primary research questions explore how adaptive assessments influence knowledge retention, engagement levels and the identification of areas needing additional support. By focusing exclusively on students as respondents, the study reliable data that elucidates the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in enhancing knowledge retention and engagement within educational settings. The findings reveal that adaptive assessments significantly enhance knowledge retention, as indicated by mean scores above the established cut-off point of 3.0 across all survey items. Students reported high levels of engagement, motivation and clarity regarding their learning needs when using adaptive tools. In contrast, traditional assessments received notably lower scores, suggesting limited effectiveness in fostering positive learning experiences. The study concludes that adaptive assessment tools provide a more personalised and effective approach to student learning, leading to improved outcomes in both knowledge retention and engagement. It is recommended that educators integrate adaptive assessments into their curricula to maximise student learning potential. Policymakers should consider supporting the implementation of adaptive technologies in educational institutions to enhance the overall learning experience. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of personalised learning approaches and offers empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in contemporary education.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) underscores the significance of quality education for all, emphasizing the want for inclusive and equitable learning opportunities that vend lifelong learning and the acquisition of essential capabilities. In the continually evolving academic sphere, the cultivation of 21st-century abilities has emerged as a pivotal element in ensuring the provision of incredible knowledge of experiences.  This paper scrutinises pioneering pedagogical tactics designed to foster the improvement of 21st-century abilities within the context of quality education. Through examination of present instructional literature and a meticulous evaluation of practical coaching methodologies, this observation endeavours to illuminate powerful teaching strategies that foster critical thinking, ingenuity, collaboration, and virtual literacy among students. Moreover, this examination delves in addition into the position of teachers in fostering those abilities and investigates the ability to demand situations and opportunities linked with the implementation of those processes in diverse academic settings. By exploring the juxtaposition of pedagogy and 21st-century skills, this study aims to offer actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and invested stakeholders eager to cultivate resilient and adaptable learning environments.