This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of grape leaf extract to chitosan edible coating on vitamin C and phenolic content of red grapes on day 0 and 7 storage at room temperature. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four concentrations of grape leaf extract (0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%). Measurement of vitamin C and phenolic content was done using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the addition of grape leaf extract significantly increased the vitamin C content of grapes both on day 0 and day 7, with the highest level found in the 5% treatment. Phenolic content increased at 3% concentration on day 0 but decreased at 3% concentration on day 7. Two Way Anova statistical test showed a significant effect of extract concentration and storage time on vitamin C and phenolic content. The addition of grape leaf extract into chitosan edible coating was effective in maintaining vitamin C and phenolic content and extending the shelf life of grapes at room temperature. These findings support the potential use of natural materials as plant-based preservatives in food coating systems.

Chitosan-based edible coating is a thin, consumable layer derived from crustacean shells that functions as a natural preservative. The incorporation of grape leaf extract can enhance its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, thereby improving the shelf life of food products. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grape leaf extract addition to chitosan-based edible coating on the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of red grapes during storage at room temperature. Extract concentrations of 0%, 3%, 4%, and 5% were applied, with measurements conducted on day 0 and day 7 of storage. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, while flavonoid content was measured via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results indicated a significant increase in antioxidant activity on day 0, with the highest value observed at 5% concentration (75.09%; p = 0.044). By day 7, antioxidant activity showed a tendency to increase, peaking at 76.30%, although the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.081). Flavonoid content increased significantly on both day 0 (p = 0.027) and day 7 (p = 0.000), with the highest levels recorded at 5% concentration (440.33 mg QE/g and 374.76 mg QE/g, respectively). Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that both independent variables had a significant effect on the two parameters, while their interaction was significant only for flavonoid content (p = 0.000).

Hypertension is one of the major non-communicable diseases that has become a primary health concern, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Effective blood pressure control is crucial to prevent severe complications. The role of health cadres in monitoring blood pressure at home has become increasingly important, particularly with the application of non-pharmacological methods such as foot touch therapy and acupressure. This study aims to optimize the role of health cadres in assisting hypertensive patients to control their blood pressure using these techniques. The methods used include cadre training, patient education, and evaluation of intervention effectiveness. The results show that implementing foot touch therapy and acupressure can significantly reduce blood pressure and improve patients' well-being. Optimizing the role of health cadres in community-based hypertension management is expected to enhance patients' quality of life, especially in a pandemic situation that limits access to healthcare facilities.

The Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard (SDKI), Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standard (SLKI), and Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standard (SIKI) are standardized nursing documentation systems designed to improve the quality of nursing care. The training on the application of SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI at PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital aims to enhance nurses' understanding and skills in systematically, accurately, and evidence-based nursing documentation. The training methods included lectures, discussions, and hands-on practice in applying SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI to real cases. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding and skills after completing the training. The implementation of SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI is expected to enhance nursing documentation efficiency and improve the quality of nursing services in the hospital.

Background : Spinal anesthesia is an anesthetic technique used to inhibit pain in some parts of the body. One of the complications that can occur is Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). PONV can be caused by many factors, one of which is hypotension. Hypotension can lead to hypoxemia and hypoperfusion in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) as the center of vomiting stimulation. Objective : The study aimed to determine the relationship between hypotension and the incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in spinal anesthesia patients. Research Methods : This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional research design. The population in this study were all patients undergoing spinal anesthesia at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Sampling in this study was to use the purposive sampling method of 53 samples and to use the chi square data analysis test. The research instrument used interviews and used observation sheets. Reseach Result : The most age of respondents in this study were 26-35 years old as many as 18 respondents (34.0%), the most gender was female 32 respondents (60.4%), and those who experienced hypotension were 29 respondents (54.7%) , while there were 30 respondents who experienced PONV (56,6%) .The results of the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between hypotension and the incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) yielded a result of 0.000 (P <0.5). The majority of respondents who experienced hypotension were 24 people (45.3). Conclusion : here is a significant relationship between hypotension and the incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV).

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a type of extensive nerve block by inserting a local anesthetic drug into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level (Rehatta, 2019). This method produces anesthesia by blocking transmission, deactivating motor and sensory abilities, thus creating loss of pain sensation in the perineum. lower abdomen to lower extremities. Among the effects of spinal anesthesia that often occur, post-spinal anesthesia headache is a complication that often does not receive special attention. Due to the minor effects of spinal anesthesia. Management of headaches after spinal anesthesia, one of which is using non-pharmacological techniques with Head Up therapy, namely providing a 30 degree head elevation position with the aim of increasing blood flow to the brain in an effort to maximize oxygen flow to the brain which is believed to reduce the sensation of headaches. Objective: To analyze the effect of giving Head up therapy on headaches in post-operative patients with spinal anesthesia. Method: This research is a quantitative research using a type of experiment with a pre-experimental design, post-test control group design. Sampling technique: accidental sampling Population: The population of this study was 300 people. Sample: This study involved 76 respondents with a division of 38 respondents who were given Head Up therapy and 38 respondents who were not given Head Up therapy. Data analysis: Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. The research instruments were Head Up SOP and Posttest Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. This research was carried out in February-April 2024 at Dr Hardjono Ponorogo Regional Hospital. Results: Based on research and after data analysis, the significance value (P value) in the Mann Whitney test was 0.001 (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was found that there was an effect of giving Head up therapy to post-operative patients with spinal anesthesia