Land law politics in Indonesia plays a crucial role in realizing social justice and sustainable development through fair and sustainable management of agrarian resources. The primary legal foundation governing land matters is Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles (UU Pokok Agraria), which asserts that all land, water, and air spaces are controlled by the state and utilized to the greatest extent for the welfare of the people. However, the implementation of land law politics faces significant challenges, including disparities in land distribution, agrarian conflicts, and misalignment between central and regional policies. Policy changes, such as the introduction of Land Management Rights and Land Banks through the Omnibus Law, add complexity and raise questions about their alignment with UU Pokok Agraria's fundamental principles. Resolving land disputes also becomes a critical issue, necessitating effective and inclusive legal mechanisms. Therefore, comprehensive reform in land law politics is required, encompassing regulatory harmonization, consistent law enforcement, and active public participation, to ensure fair and sustainable land management for the welfare of the people.

The increasing unpredictability of climate change demands a system capable of automatically detecting rainfall and providing early warnings. This study aims to design and develop a rain detection system based on a water sensor and LED using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system operates by detecting water presence on the rain sensor and providing a visual indication through an LED. The research methodology follows a Research and Development (R&D) approach, including literature review, hardware and software design, implementation, and system testing. The test results indicate that the system can accurately detect rainfall and respond to weather changes in real-time. This system has the potential to be applied in various sectors, such as agriculture, transportation, and industry, to mitigate risks caused by sudden rain. Further development can integrate Internet of Things (IoT) technology for remote weather monitoring.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul etnomatematika berbasis model pembelajaran inquiry untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Dalam e-modul tersebut akan dilhat bagaimana produk awal,  hasil validasi ahli, hasil uji coba, hasil refleksi dan bagaiman produk akhir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model rancangan 4-D, namun dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai 3-D. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP sebanyak 15 siswa dan 3 orang ahli media dan materi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi ahli media dan ahli materi, pedoman wawancara dan observasi, angket respon guru dan respon siswa, dan soal tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian validasi E-modul etnomatematika berbasis model pembelajaran inquiry yaitu validasi media dengan nilai rata-rata dari ketiga ahli sebebsar 83,09% dengan kriteria Cukup valid. Hasil penelitian validasi materi diperoleh skor rata-rata 91,67% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Sedangkan Hasil penelitian validasi etnomatematika diperoleh skor rata-rata 88,98% dengan kriteria sangat valid Yang kedua adalah nilai kepraktisan, dilihat dari nilai angket yang diisi guru dan seluruh siswa yang diakumulasikan sehingga diperoleh persentase sebesar  89,05%  dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Selanjutnya keefektifan, dilihat dari nilai hasil pengerjaan posttest siswa dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 10 orang dari 15 orang dengan persentase  dengan kriteria efektif dengan berpatokan pada nilai KKM sekolah yaitu 70