Indonesia is one of the countries that is the lungs of the world. This country has extraordinary environmental potential, starting from natural resource conditions (biological and non-biological diversity), geographical conditions, and demographic conditions that other countries do not have. The gifts given by Allah SWT to all His creatures, especially humans, must be used well or wisely. Utilizing these gifts to meet the needs of living creatures must be accompanied by great responsibility in protecting and managing them so that their sustainability is maintained (sustainability). Ironically, if we look at the current facts, the situation is the opposite. Our various daily activities, from small to large scale, individually and collectively (society), contribute to air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, land degradation, loss of biodiversity and germplasm, resource and energy crises, and the peak is global warming. The behavior of throwing rubbish and waste carelessly, wasting energy, using vehicles with high emissions, and various other bad activities among the majority of Indonesian people is still very worrying. This is still done by many people who are highly educated or not, rich or poor, young and old, and men and women.

The correlation between environmental ethics and societal behavior has become an increasingly important subject in the context of environmental conservation. This article presents a literature review of the relationship between individual environmental ethics and community behavior in the context of environmental conservation efforts. Through searching various journals and related publications, we identified key themes, findings and trends in this research. Research shows that environmental ethical values, environmental awareness, and social norms play a key role in shaping individual and collective behavior towards the environment. Factors such as education, personal experiences, and social pressures also influence how individuals and societies respond to environmental issues. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
 

This research aims to formulate a social forestry management strategy for HKm Sulian Besar in Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency. This research was carried out from July to August 2024 in Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The research location was carried out in the Sulian Besar Community Forest. This research uses a combination method (mixed) dominantly qualitative and less dominantly quantitative. To recommend strategies for community forest management (HKm) that have achieved economic, social and ecological and institutional benefits by identifying using SWOT analysis to analyze various factors systematically. The position of the community forest management strategy in HKm Sulian Besar, Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency is in quadrant III, namely the turn around strategy where the implementation of the social forestry program of the community forest scheme has great opportunities but there are internal weaknesses so you have to choose the right strategy so that weaknesses are not reduce the odds. Alternative strategies that can be implemented include restructuring group institutions, increasing institutional, technical and marketing capacity, improving cultivation patterns and conducting effective NTFP marketing.

Reducing the area of agricultural areas, especially paddy fields into palm oil plantations in the use of space in Mukomuko Regency, has raised concerns about the impact of these changes, namely the decline in rice productivity, which if allowed to drag on could lead to food insecurity due to the decreasing number of functional paddy fields. into oil palm plantations, especially in areas that are designated as agropolitan in the Mukomuko Regency spatial planning. Time and Place of Research: Research was conducted from October to November 2023 in Muko-Muko Regency, Bengkulu Province. To find out the strategy for managing land conversion, SWOT analysis is used. The results of the research show that the position of controlling the conversion of wetland agricultural land is in quadrant I, namely the position with an aggressive strategy (S-O). In this case the recommended strategy is to utilize strengths to take advantage of existing opportunities. Alternative strategies that can be implemented by policy makers, in this case the Mukomuko district government, to prevent the conversion of rice land to oil palm are clear regulations and establishing clear rice field zones in spatial plans, improving government policies in the farming sector, improving institutions in the farming sector, empowerment and socialization regarding land conversion regulations and improving agricultural facilities and infrastructure