Relational databases, an essential component in modern information systems, are vulnerable to various security threats, both internal such as abuse of access rights, and external such as SQL injection, malware, and hacking. Given these conditions, how can relevant mitigation strategies be implemented to protect data security in relational databases? This article aims to identify the main threats to relational database security and map out relevant mitigation strategies. The method used is a literature review of various recent scientific journals that discuss aspects of data security in the context of relational databases. The results of the review indicate that threats such as SQL injection can be overcome by strict input validation, abuse of access rights can be prevented through role-based access control (RBAC), malware attacks can be detected using an intrusion detection system (IDS), and hacking actions can be minimized through the implementation of data encryption. This study is expected to be a reference in designing effective security strategies to protect data in relational databases.