This research intention is to find out how the legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on TikTok video content is from a penal law perspective and to find out the penalties given to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement. The background of this research is based on the large number of uses of most of the songs on the Tiktok application without permission from the copyright holder who should have economic rights to their creations. This action can be categorized as a criminal act of piracy. A crime is an unlawful act that is detrimental to society and the perpetrators can be subject to criminal penalties. The development of communication technology has given birth to a new media called social media, and TikTok is one of the popular social media among the public. The problem is that most of the songs used in the Tiktok application are used without permission from the copyright holder who should have economic rights to their creation. The research method used in this study is the normative legal method with a statutory approach. The specifications of this study are descriptive analytical. The results of the study show that the criminal approach in the protection of Intellectual Property Rights is very important to ensure that the intellectual property rights of the results of creation are respected in society, the imposition of criminal sanctions in cases of violations, such as the use of songs without permission is important to provide a deterrent effect on the perpetrators while protecting the interests of the rights owners and creating legal certainty. The novelty of this research lies in the multidisciplinary approach that connects aspects of penal law with social and economic problems in the protection of Intellectual Property Rights.

The application of diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system aims to prevent children from undergoing formal legal proceedings that could negatively impact their development. This study analyzes the implementation of diversion in Decision Number 5/Pen.Div/2023/PN Kot Jo and Number 18/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Kot, involving a 15-year-old minor as the perpetrator of a minor offense. The study highlights the judge's considerations in determining diversion, including the child's age, the type of offense, and the offender's social background. Furthermore, this research examines how the principles of restorative justice are applied through diversion deliberations involving the offender, the victim, their families, and other relevant parties. The findings indicate that diversion in this case successfully reached a voluntary agreement, requiring the offender to return the item and compensate the victim. This agreement not only aims to prevent the negative impact of formal judicial proceedings but also provides an opportunity for the child to rehabilitate and reintegrate into society. These findings emphasize that when implemented effectively, diversion mechanisms can serve as an efficient solution for resolving juvenile delinquency cases without resorting to litigation.

The 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections (Pilkada) must basically be able to guarantee and maintain public participation in various considerations for decision-making, campaigns, and public hearings, including in all processes leading up to the implementation of the Simultaneous Regional Elections. Public participation is not just the public giving their right to vote in the General Election/Pilkada, but more than that, Public Participation should ideally be meaningful participation in the planning, process and implementation of the Pilkada. The Research Method Using This research approach uses an analytical approach, namely analyzing cases that occurred in the preparation process for the 2024 Pilkada. The results of the study found that policy makers have not fully seen public participation as a necessity. This is illustrated by the sudden and seemingly rushed policy-making on the Revision of the Pilkada Law. In addition, many candidates offered from the elite are not from local communities who do have a role in development in the local area. This is homework to realize a local democracy that is advanced and considered.

General elections (elections) are a benchmark for the success of democracy for countries that adhere to democratic principles such as Indonesia. The large number of hoax issues surrounding the election that are spread via social media are often considered cybercrime or cybercrime. Meanwhile, criminal law is currently developing discussions about Restorative Justice, which offers forms of settlement with the aim of fulfilling the wishes of the parties with a win-win solution. The legal issue analyzed in this research is how restorative justice policies apply in enforcing the law against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) related to elections on social media to see the possibility of using alternative dispute resolution for election violations, especially at the police level. The method used in this research is normative juridical, using literature study and a statutory and regulatory approach related to the legal issue being discussed. This research shows that the Restorative Justice Policy against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) taken by the Police is carried out to create a clean, healthy and productive Indonesian digital space so as not to give rise to diversity in investigative administration and differences in interpretations of investigators and irregularities must be carried out in a persuasive, educational manner. so that there is no suspicion of criminalization in the criminal act of spreading fake news (hoax) against the perpetrator or in other words the person being reported.