This article aims to analyze the nature of criminal responsibility and criminal law reform in ODGJ criminal responsibility which is oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. The urgency of this study is that the application of the formulation of offenses in the provisions of Article 44 of the WvS Criminal Code is not appropriate for perpetrators of criminal acts who are malingering, lack of legal protection to victims. Therefore, a reform of criminal law is needed. In the preparation of this research using normative juridical legal research methods carried out through literature review as the basic material for analysis. The result of the discussion of this study is that the reform of criminal law, especially in ODGJ criminal liability which has been regulated in Article 38 juncto Article 39 of the National Criminal Code, where the rule of law is more appropriate, and has been oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the role of relevant law enforcement officials such as the Police and Hospitals which in this case issue Visum et Repertum (VeR), because correct law enforcement is also needed from law enforcement officials.

The purpose of this study is to analyze, and find out the nature of the tender conspiracy, and the impact arising from the KPPU Decision. This research must be reviewed immediately in order to minimize cases of tender conspiracy practices, considering that these cases are the most handled by KPPU today. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, using statutory approach, conceptual, case, and comparative, so that the research to be studied is not vague, systematic, and clear. This study will be described in full related to the conflict of norms, especially the incompleted norm in PP Number 44 of 2021. The conflict of norms can arise because the rules related to the procedures for stopping the practice of tender conspiracy are not clear and complete, so that their implementation cannot realize justice, expediency, and legal certainty. Therefore, in this study, a solution was given specifically to the government to immediately review PP Number 44 of 2021, so that the perpetrators of the tender conspiracy get a loot effect, and do not repeat their actions. KPPU should also set additional administrative fines, which can be in the form of fines for goods and services won by bidders unreasonably.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis, serta menemukan hakikat dari persekongkolan tender, dan dampak yang timbul atas adanya Putusan KPPU. Penelitian ini harus segera dikaji agar dapat meminimalisir perkara praktik persekongkolan tender, mengingat perkara tersebut yang paling banyak ditangani oleh KPPU saat ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif, agar penelitian yang akan dikaji tidak kabur, sistematis, dan jelas. Dalam penelitian ini akan diuraikan secara lengkap terkait dengan adanya konflik norma, khususnya incompleted norm pada PP Nomor 44 Tahun 2021. Konflik Norma tersebut dapat timbul karena aturan terkait tata cara penghentian praktik persekongkolan tender tidak jelas, dan lengkap, sehingga pada implementasinya tidak dapat mewujudkan keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian hukum. Maka dari itu, dalam penelitian ini diberikan solusi yang secara khusus ditujukan kepada pemerintah untuk segera mengkaji ulang PP Nomor 44 Tahun 2021, agar para pelaku persekongkolan tender mendapatkan efek jerah, dan tidak mengulangi lagi perbuatannya. KPPU pun sebaiknya juga menetapkan denda administratif tambahan, yang dapat berupa denda atas barang, dan jasa yang dimenangkan peserta tender secara tidak wajar.