Penelitian ini yang menjadi objek adalah perusahan sub sektor konsumsi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2020-2023. Di Indonesia sendiri perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor konsumsi sangat berkembang dengan pesat, hal ini dapat dilihat dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin banyak. Sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui pengaruh dari ROA (Return on Aset), ROE (Return On Equity), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), dan CR (Current Ratio) terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2020-2023. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh perusahaan manufaktur pada sektor konsumsi yang sudah terdaftar di BEI dengan tahun data yang di ambil 2020 sampai dengan 2023 berjumlah 180, kemudian untuk analisis data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 23. Untuk teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini ialah menggunakan teknik non-probabilitas dengan metode purposive sampling, selanjutnya terkumpul 60 sampel penelitian berdasarkan data dari 15 perusahaan manufaktur dengan periode waktu selama 4 tahun.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pada ROA, ROE, DER, dan CR memiliki pengaruh yang positif serta signifikan terhadap harga saham. Temuan ini tentu relevan untuk perusahaan sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2023.

The distribution of the white swift (Collocalia fuciphaga) is on several large islands in Indonesia. The white swallow has an advantage over the nests of the black swallow and sriti, having edible parts reaching 85-100% of the total nest. Many types of white swallow's nests in Indonesia are known for their different physical characteristics, color and weight. It is not known that these differences occur due to genetic differences or simply due to differences in the type of food and living environment. Differences due to food and environmental factors do not really affect the health function of the nest. Differences due to genetics greatly influence the function of the nest for health. The design of this system is initial research to start mapping white nest swiftlets in Indonesia. The results of the design will be used as a data storage system for genetic mapping of white nest swallows on the island of Java by taking DNA samples of swallows from various habitat areas. The system will store data on habitat areas, record location points and take bird samples from these areas to then carry out laboratory tests to determine the DNA code test of each bird sample. Furthermore, it is hoped that clear genetic mapping results can be used to determine the quality and function of the bioactive components of white swift nests on the island of Java. The mapping results will also be a source of knowledge about the richness of the germplasm of native Indonesian swiftlets.
Keywords: GIS, Bioactive, genetic, Java, mapping, white swallow's nest

Household sewage treatment in Surakarta City depends on the performance of the available domestic wastewater treatment plants (IPAL), including Pucangsawit IPAL, Semanggi IPAL, Mojosongo IPAL, and UNS IPAL. Each of these IPAL’s serves a specific area, such as the UNS IPAL which serves the UNS area and its surroundings, the Mojosongo IPAL which is in charge of the North Area of Surakarta, the Semanggi IPAL which takes care of the South Area of Surakarta, and the Pucangsawit IPAL which serves the Central Area of Surakarta City. This research aimed at the effectiveness of the performance and development plan of each IPAL in the next 20 years. This research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted by observing the existing condition of IPAL Komunal in the research location. Quantitative descriptive analysis in this study was carried out by testing samples at the inlet, aeration, and outlet points of the IPAL. Based on the quality standards of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation number P 68 of 2016, each IPAL. UNS IPAL is 47.27% for BOD, 73.81% for COD, 76.36% for TSS. Mojosongo IPAL is 88.71% for BOD, 76.50% for COD, 78.57% for TSS. Pucangsawit IPAL was 91.88% for BOD, 83.20% for COD, 74.82% for TSS. Semanggi IPAL is 20.45% for BOD, 69.95% for COD, 69.05% for TSS. Alternative development at the IPAL that can be done to prepare for the next 20 years is to increase the volume in the initial settling basin, aerobic biofilter basin, and also the final settling basin. 
 

Pancasila, as Indonesia’s foundational ideology, plays a central role in shaping the country’s legal framework. However, its application in contemporary legal reform presents significant challenges amidst evolving societal dynamics and international legal debates. This study critically evaluates the incorporation of Pancasila within Indonesia’s legal reform processes, emphasizing its relevance in addressing domestic and global tensions. The urgency of this research stems from growing critiques of Indonesia’s legal alignment with international standards while preserving its ideological roots. Concurrently, the rise of globalization and pluralism demands an adaptive yet principled approach to Pancasila’s integration into modern legal structures. This research provides a novel perspective by analyzing specific legal cases and policy reforms where Pancasila principles have been contested or reinterpreted. Through a doctrinal and socio-legal analysis, the study examines the compatibility of Pancasila with contemporary global legal norms, including human rights, environmental law, and economic governance. Furthermore, it explores Indonesia’s engagement in international debates on the role of ideology in law, offering insights into the challenges of balancing national identity with global expectations. The findings reveal that while Pancasila remains a unifying framework, its inconsistent application risks undermining its potential to guide inclusive and sustainable legal reforms. This study contributes to the broader discourse by proposing actionable recommendations for harmonizing Pancasila with international legal developments while safeguarding Indonesia’s ideological integrity. It serves as a critical resource for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners navigating the intersection of ideology, law, and globalization.

Indonesia, known for its diverse traditions and cultures, provides an interesting example of unity amidst diversity. This research explores the profound impact of culture on individual identity and societal development. By analyzing the evolution of Indonesian culture, from traditional practices to modern influences, we uncover the challenges faced due to globalization and the importance of cultural preservation. The research emphasizes the need for collaboration in protecting Indonesia's cultural heritage, highlighting the role of education, awareness, and government policy in keeping valuable traditions alive.

This study aims to analyze the impact of administering commercial probiotic bacteria on the wastewater from tofu industries on changes in Bio-logical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels. Tofu industry wastewater is known to have high BOD and low DO levels, which pose a potential environmental pollution risk. This study used a pure experimental method with variables including the ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) with an incubation interval of 8 hours. The results showed that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria significantly reduced BOD levels and increased DO levels in the wastewater. The 1:3 ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. An incubation time of 32 hours showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. The 1:3 volume ratio between tofu wastewater and probiotics (25% tofu wastewater and 75% probiotics) proved to be the most effective, with the highest DO increase of 2.51 mg/L and the largest BOD decrease of 144.20 mg/L. In addition, incubation time also had a significant effect, the longer the incubation time, the more optimal the probiotic activity in reducing BOD levels and increasing DO levels. The conclusion of this study is that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria at a 1:3 ratio and an incubation time of 32 hours is an effective way to improve the quality of tofu industry wastewater.

Butuh Village is one of the villages in Butuh District,  Purworejo Regency, Central Jawa Province. The villages’s need for awareness of adequate sanitation is still quite low. This can be proven by the fact that there are still many houses that do not have adequate domestik waste processing infrastructure. AS we know, if we dispose of domestik waste in the form of grey water and black water directly into the environment without a good waste processing system, it will pollute the environmen. The aim of this design is to determine the domestik wastewater treatment bulding in Butuh village using the hierarchical method.The final calculation using the hierarchical method resulted in thr selected domestic wastewater treatment being the Anaerbic Buffled Reactor (ABR) using 4 parameters in the form of maintenance operatinal cost, land area used, construction costs and removal efficiency. The Anaerobic Buffled Reactor (ABR) is planned to have 5 compartments with a BOD removal efficiency of 84%, construction cost of Rp. 67.899.607, the land area required is 45 m2, and operational costs are Rp. 2.605.281 and maintenance is relatively easy.
 
 

Meluasnya penggunaan internet semakin memudahkan seseorang untuk mendapatkan informasi. Kemudahan akses ini membuka peluang perilaku illegal dalam memperoleh dan atau penyebaran informasi. Karenanya pengamanan informasi menjadi faktor krusial saat ini. Dalam penelitian ini operasi XOR menggunakan bilangan acak digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil enkripsi teks menggunakan rotasi multi kubus. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan. Nilai korelasi meningkat sebesar 82%, Nilai MAE meningkat sebesar 77% dan nilai AE meningkat sebesar 44%. Peningkatan ini menunjukkan penggunaan XOR pada rotasi multi kubus mampu memenuhi kriteria difusi dan konfusi sebagai karakteristik kriptografi yang baik.

The purpose of evaluating the Guidance and Counseling (BK) program at SMP Negeri 2 Ambarawa during the pandemic is to evaluate the context, input, process and product of the guidance and counseling program during the pandemic. This research is evaluative research. The principal provides full support in implementing counseling services during the pandemic by providing a schedule and budget allocation. The ratio of counseling teachers to students is fulfilled by the presence of school counselors with a background in counseling education. Facilities and infrastructure are in good condition, but do not yet have a special counseling room. BK services are carried out with the help of applications, namely Google classroom, and google forms used by school counselors for delivery systems in service activities with asynchronous types and in synchronous types using WhatsApp, Zoom or Google Meet depending on the agreement between teachers and students. The problems experienced in the implementation of online counseling services are less than optimal since not all students have devices. The essential material compiled by the MGBK is less appropriate to use, it is more appropriate to use a needs assessment of students to develop a BK program. School counselors provide time for learners to consult with flexible time, either through in-person or device-assisted.

<p><em>This article reviews the optimization of energy generated by solar panels using MPPT. The need for increased power that </em><br /><em>can be done using MPPT with the P&amp;O algorithm that goes to the load is proven because of the addition of influencing factors.</em><br /><em>MPPT A technique for keeping solar panels working. to stay within the Maximum Power point (MPP) area. MPP is a point</em><br /><em>or point in the VI curve or VP curve in the solar panel where the solar panel works at maximum efficiency and releases</em><br /><em>maximum power. The P&amp;O algorithm is used to keep the MPPT power out panel always in the MPP area by changing the</em><br /><em>voltage value before MPPT and after the MPPT Comparison of the results of modeling with the use of techniques developed</em><br /><em>and special computer programs that have shown satisfactory results. Through comparison of the output power that comes out</em><br /><em>of the solar panel using MPPT 16.86406 W and without using MPPT of 13.63239 or experiencing an increase of 23%.</em></p>