The hotel industry is currently facing a digital transformation driven by technological advancements and changing consumer behavior. This research aims to explore how digital transformation in hotel management can optimize the guest experience in the industry 4.0 era. The research methodology primarily relies on a comprehensive literature review and analysis of industry documents to provide a robust and broad foundation for this study. The findings indicate that integrating technologies such as property management systems (PMS), Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics can enhance operational efficiency, service personalization, and data-driven decision-making in hotel management. However, the implementation of digital transformation also faces challenges, such as significant investments, cybersecurity, and resistance to change. Case studies of hotels that have successfully adopted digital technologies reveal best practices and valuable lessons, including the importance of top management support, strategic alignment, and stakeholder engagement. This article contributes to the literature by integrating the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM) to develop a conceptual framework that explains the adoption and success of digital transformation in hotels. The research findings have practical implications for hotel managers in designing and implementing digital transformation initiatives. Although this research primarily relies on secondary data sources, future research can adopt a multi-method research design incorporating primary data to provide further insights into this phenomenon.

Gamified technology presents a promising avenue for educators to create dynamic and interactive language learning environments. This qualitative study explores students’ perceptions of gamified technology and paper-based methods for tourism vocabulary retention in a private university setting. Through interviews with six students, two overarching themes emerged: engagement and efficacy. Under the theme of engagement, sub-themes included competing students in learning and the level of interactivity among students. Meanwhile, within the theme of efficacy, sub-themes focused on vocabulary retention and student comprehension. The findings underscore the importance of considering students' preferences and perceptions in language learning strategies, particularly in integrating innovative technological tools to enhance engagement and efficacy. Educators are encouraged to leverage gamified technology while also adapting teaching approaches to suit students' needs effectively. Ongoing research and evaluation of gamified technology in language learning contexts can provide valuable insights into its effectiveness and areas for improvement.