The expository learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) remains relevant as a classical Islamic scholarly heritage but requires creative transformation to address digital-age challenges. This article examines the implementation of expository strategies through literature study, analyzing philosophical foundations, effectiveness, contemporary challenges, and innovation models. The research reveals that expository strategies are effective for normative PAI materials but face complex challenges including shifting cognitive patterns of digital natives, decentralization of knowledge authority, and technological disparities. Various innovative models (interactive, contextual, multimedia, reflective) offer solutions by integrating traditional expository strengths with modern approaches. The study concludes that successful implementation requires paradigmatic reconstruction through "pedagogical ijtihad" balancing Islamic scholarly authenticity with 21st-century learning needs. PAI teachers must master three core competencies: depth of religious knowledge, pedagogical sophistication, and technological literacy. 

Civic Education (PKn) plays an important role in shaping national identity in the midst of a diverse society. This study aims to explore how PKn in schools contributes to the development of national identity, understand the challenges faced, and identify effective strategies in the implementation of the PKn curriculum. The results of the study show that PKn can strengthen the sense of nationality and national unity, but also requires adjustment to face the social and cultural dynamics that continue to develop.