The 2011 Tohoku tsunami stands as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in Japan’s history, resulting in massive loss of life, extensive property damage, and severe disruption to infrastructure along the northeastern coast. This study aims to examine the physical characteristics of the Tohoku tsunami and critically evaluate the factors that led to the failure of Japan’s disaster mitigation systems. Utilizing an essay-based synthesis approach, this analysis draws from a range of previous research findings and post-disaster assessments. The tsunami was caused by a 9.0 magnitude megathrust earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, generating wave heights that exceeded 10 meters in several locations. The tsunami’s immense energy produced destructive currents that penetrated deep inland, surpassing the protection capabilities of existing coastal defenses.The study identifies several contributing factors to the mitigation system’s shortcomings: the design limitations of seawalls, which were not built to withstand such extreme events; delays and limitations in the early warning system’s ability to reach all at-risk populations in time; and inadequate public preparedness, as the event exceeded historical precedents and training scenarios. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for integrated, adaptive disaster risk management strategies.Drawing lessons from Japan’s experience, this study proposes recommendations for improving tsunami mitigation efforts in Indonesia. Key suggestions include reinforcing and redesigning coastal defense structures, advancing early warning technologies such as seabed sensors and coastal radar systems, and enhancing disaster literacy through public education and scenario-based training. By adopting a science- and technology-driven approach, Indonesia can strengthen its resilience and reduce vulnerability among coastal populations facing future tsunami threats.

Appropriate financial management is key in managing regional finances that are vulnerable to risk. Even though financial risk exists, this does not always indicate a violation. Good financial management in the regions is the key to demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of public funds. This study uses a qualitative approach with primary data sources through interviews and direct observation in the field. The research results show that the South Magelang District OPD has implemented accounting procedures in accordance with regulations, achieving a full level of accountability with optimal transparency in administration and financial accountability. However, continued efforts are needed in financial management, supervision and reporting to maintain public trust and increase the effectiveness of financial management in the future.
 

Village potential greatly influences the community's economy. Management of superior village products from various sectors will influence and provide beneficial impacts for the village itself. Kemlagi Village, Mojokerto Regency has various products in the tourism sub-sector based on culture/local wisdom, agriculture and livestock whose quality is not inferior to other potential villages. To increase the potential of the village area, it is necessary to increase the village branding of any potential sub-sectors that the village has. Therefore, it is carried out in several stages; field observations, interviews, documentation and data analysis related to village economic potential. With the result that the lack of public understanding of product marketing and promotion is the main obstacle in developing local potential. The community responded to this by providing suggestions and ideas to each other so that their village could develop. Apart from that, this activity also introduces the use of social media to help branding and promotion of villages and UMKM products in Kemlagi Village, Mojokerto Regency.

Tree planting as a reforestation strategy is an important solution to overcome environmental and social problems in villages. This journal discusses the effectiveness of the tree planting program implemented in Mekar Agung Village, using an environmental and social approach. The program aims to improve environmental quality, reduce the impact of climate change, and strengthen social solidarity in village communities. The methodology used includes the implementation of planting activities, impact evaluation through measurement of environmental parameters such as reducing soil erosion and improving air quality, as well as analyzing changes in attitudes and community involvement. The results show that the program is effective in improving environmental quality, with significant improvements in soil and air quality. In addition, this program has also succeeded in strengthening social relations between residents through active participation in reforestation activities. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach that combines environmental and social aspects in greening programs to achieve sustainable and significant results.

The aim of this community service is to enhance the skills and mastery of teachers in applying differentiated learning at state elementary madrasah 1 Cilegon, Banten. The method of community service used is PAR (Participatory Action Research) with the use of an LCD projector, sound system, and educational props to support differentiated learning activities. The results show that the teachers were able to understand and master differentiated learning. This was proven by the results of simulations and practices conducted by the teachers in applying differentiated learning in the Islamic Elementary class. In conclusion, the training session ran smoothly and successfully had a positive impact on improving the competence of the teachers at state elementary madrasah 1 Cilegon.

This study aims to analyze the role of human relations in developing effective communication in the workplace. Effective communication is one of the most important factors in an organization's success, which depends not only on technical skills, but also on the quality of interpersonal relationships between team members and managers. Healthy human relations, which involve respectful interactions, building trust, and open communication, can support the achievement of organizational goals by creating a more productive and harmonious environment. This research method uses a qualitative approach with literature analysis and literature review techniques to identify relevant theories and previous research results regarding the relationship between individuals in the workplace and their impact on organizational communication. Data sources are taken from various scientific articles, books, and journals that discuss topics about organizational communication, human relations, and work psychology. The results of this study show that positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace play a crucial role in creating effective communication. Employees who feel valued and supported by their colleagues and employers tend to be more open to communicating information, providing constructive feedback, and collaborating efficiently. Conversely, interpersonal tension or poor communication can lead to miscommunication, conflict, and decreased productivity. The research also highlights the importance of communication training and interpersonal relationship management as part of organizational development to create a better work environment and support long-term success.

Giving alms is an obligation for all those who are able, directed towards those in need. This community service was conducted to provide a strong understanding to the community about the importance of sharing and to assist those who are economically disadvantaged. The service activity was carried out using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The results of the service included the lecturers delivering material to the community about the importance of alms, the forms of alms, the benefits of giving alms and concluding with the distribution of gifts to the community by the lecturers and students. Conclusion: This community service activity was successfully conducted and had a positive impact on the community, both in terms of their knowledge and their economic situation.

Scientific literacy skills are very important to face the challenges of the 21st century, but in Indonesia these skills are still relatively low. Therefore, teaching materials are needed that can develop students' scientific literacy. This research is development research which aims to describe the validity and readability of e-modules based on local potential. This e-module was developed by utilizing the potential of Kemiri Village to develop the scientific literacy of students at SMP Negeri 1 Panti. The e-module development in this research applies the ADDIE model which includes analysis, design and development stages. Research data was collected through interviews, validation sheets, and readability sheets. The validity test results show that the local potential-based e-module is included in the very valid criteria with a validity percentage value reaching 91.42%. The readability test results show that the local potential-based e-module is included in the very good criteria with a readability percentage value reaching 90.94%. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that e-modules based on local potential are easy to understand and suitable for use in science learning.

Academic stress experienced by students can arise from various factors, such as competition for achievements, pressure to excel academically, high GPA demands, diverse coursework tasks, and the risk of dropping out. Efforts to address this academic stress involve self-regulation, including motivation to set life goals, designing action strategies, and self-efficacy to control activities and manage time efficiently, thereby assisting students in overcoming obstacles in the academic context. The subjects in this study are students at Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi. The research on the influence of self-regulation and self-efficacy on academic stress employs a quantitative method. The analysis of Pearson product-moment correlation indicates a significant negative relationship between self-regulation and academic stress. However, the results of the Pearson product-moment correlation show no significant relationship between self-efficacy and academic stress.

This research aims to analyze the increase in HIV/AIDS cases in Medan City with a focus on influencing factors and implications for prevention and education. The research method used is library study, by collecting and analyzing data from literature, documents and related reports from various sources, including scientific journals, books and official reports from health and government organizations. The results of the analysis show that factors such as risky behavior, low levels of public awareness, lack of access to health services, and social stigma have a significant role in increasing HIV/AIDS cases. The implication of these findings is the need to increase efforts in prevention and education, with a focus on increasing awareness, reducing stigma, increasing accessibility of health services, and strengthening collaboration between various stakeholders in addressing this problem. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemiology in Medan City and provides a basis for developing more effective intervention strategies.