This study analyzes the juridical validity of amendments to articles of association that lead to share dilution and their implications for minority shareholders in Indonesian corporate law. The urgency arises from the growing number of corporate actions that, while procedurally legal, result in substantive disadvantages for minority shareholders, creating governance imbalances. Using a normative juridical method, the research examines relevant laws, doctrines, and legal principles governing shareholder protection in share dilution cases. The findings reveal that amendments to articles of association often result in a loss of ownership percentage and voting power for minority shareholders due to inadequate safeguards such as pre-emptive rights. The study highlights the gap between formal legal compliance and substantive fairness, identifying weaknesses in both enforcement and regulatory oversight. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the intersection between corporate governance and minority rights in the context of articles of association amendments, an area that remains underexplored in Indonesian legal scholarship. The study concludes that current protections are insufficient and recommends legal reforms, including enhanced minority veto rights, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and the institutionalization of accessible dispute resolution avenues.

The purpose of this research is to find out clearly about the Legal Review of Issuing Blank Bilyet Giro. checks and giro bills in commercial transactions that can give rise to legal consequences. Depending on their nature, unlawful acts can be classified as criminal or civil offenses. Therefore, depending on the circumstances, the use of checks and giro bills in commercial transactions can be classified as a civil or criminal offense. The research methodology chosen is descriptive research (descriptif research), which is part of concept-based criminological research. Additional legal impacts may result in criminal and civil penalties. Reasons and Steps for Surrendering a Bilyet Giro. The interested bank is obliged to reject the Bilyet Giro offered by the holder if it turns out to be empty and the available funds are insufficient. The refusal must be accompanied by a Certificate of Rejection (SKP) which, among other things, must include the full name and address of the party making the withdrawal.