The current reliance on chemical fertilizers has caused many problems in agricultural practices, such as the decline in soil quality and crop resistance to environmental stress. Farmers are encouraged to use chemical fertilizers, due to the lack of efficiency of nutrient absorption in plants which results in a lack of productivity of agricultural products. This research aims to review in depth the role of Mycorrhizal fungi in increasing the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants. The research method used is the literature review method to explore more deeply the role of mycorrhizal fungi in increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient uptake. The results stated that mycorrhizal fungi have great potential as microorganism partners in increasing plant nutrient uptake. With its ability to expand the root absorption area, and enhance plant growth, improve soil structure and reduce pollution, mycorrhiza can contribute significantly to agricultural sustainability.

This study examines the main pests and diseases that attack cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) plants grown in polybags. In Indonesia, this crop is in high demand for both household and industrial use. Nonetheless, farmers often face challenges from pest and disease attacks, including anthracnose, fusarium wilt and stem rot, leading to reduced yields. The methodology used was a literature review covering various sources related to cayenne pepper. Findings show that important diseases such as anthracnose can reduce yields by up to 80%, while pests such as fruit flies can cause chili fruits to drop prematurely before harvest. Effective pest and disease management is essential to increase the productivity of cayenne pepper cultivated in polybags.