Traditional bamboo shoot fermentation is a hereditary practice still preserved by the people of Panti Village, Pasaman Regency. This process not only serves as a natural preservation method but also makes an important contribution to the formation of distinctive flavors and increases the nutritional value of bamboo shoots. One key aspect of this fermentation process is the activity of microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria, which play a role in the production of metabolites such as lactic acid, which functions as a natural preservative, inhibits the growth of pathogenic microbes, and contributes to the distinctive flavor and aroma of fermentation. The main objective of this study was to isolate and identify the types of lactic acid bacteria found in traditionally fermented bamboo shoots. Fermented bamboo shoot samples were taken from several local production houses in Panti Village. The microbial isolation process was carried out using selective media MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) agar, which is commonly used for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The obtained isolates were then analyzed through colony morphology observation, Gram staining, and microscopic tests to determine initial characteristics. Further identification was carried out through a series of biochemical tests to determine the genus and species of the bacteria. The results of the study showed the presence of several Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial isolates that are strongly suspected to belong to the lactic acid bacteria group, such as Lactobacillus plantarum. This bacterium is known to have probiotic potential and functional benefits in fermented food products. These findings indicate that traditional fermented bamboo shoots can be a potential source of functional bacterial isolates that are beneficial for the food industry, particularly in the development of probiotic products, natural preservatives, and food additives based on local fermentation. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving local wisdom in food fermentation practices as a foundation for sustainable, culturally aware food technology innovation and supporting food security based on local resources.

Pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris), a type of mangrove plant that grows in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, have high ecological and pharmacological value. In addition to functioning as coastal protection from abrasion and seawater intrusion, this plant is also known to contain various secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These compounds have been widely reported to have important biological activities, one of which is as an antimicrobial agent. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of pedada leaf ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria that cause infections. The extraction process was carried out using 96% ethanol solvent through the maceration method, namely soaking the material in the solvent for a certain time to optimally obtain active compounds. The obtained extract was then tested for its antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method against test bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The inhibition zone formed around the disc was measured as an indicator of the antibacterial effectiveness of the extract. The results showed that pedada leaf extract was able to produce inhibition zones with varying diameters depending on the concentration used. The higher the extract concentration, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone formed. This indicates a positive relationship between extract concentration and its antibacterial strength. This activity is believed to originate from the ability of compounds such as flavonoids and tannins to damage bacterial cell walls or disrupt microbial metabolic processes. This study provides initial evidence that pedada leaves have potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of natural antibacterials. This potential is highly relevant in efforts to develop alternative antibacterial materials based on local plants, especially amidst increasing bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics.

Cell-based therapy is an innovative approach currently experiencing rapid development in the biomedical field, particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and gene therapy. This approach utilizes living cells, such as genetically modified T cells, to recognize and destroy abnormal cells such as cancer cells or cells with genetic mutations. The development of gene engineering technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, has enabled scientists to precisely edit damaged genes, thereby repairing or restoring normal cell function. This study aims to examine recent advances in cell-based therapy, focusing on cell modification techniques, the efficiency of the immune system in targeting cancer cells, and the integration of gene therapy technology and immune cells. Furthermore, this study also identifies several challenges that remain, including the risk of side effects due to undesirable immune reactions, the genetic stability of the modified cells, and the long-term sustainability or viability of transplanted cells. While these challenges remain serious concerns, several clinical studies have shown that cell-based therapy has significant potential in the treatment of difficult-to-treat diseases, such as advanced cancer and rare genetic disorders. The results of this study demonstrate that cell-based therapy not only offers a new approach to treatment but also opens the door to more personalized and precise therapies. However, for broader implementation in clinical practice, further, in-depth research is needed regarding safety, long-term efficacy, and strict regulation. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of more effective and safe future therapies.

Tempoyak is a traditional Indonesian fermented food made from the flesh of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.), which undergoes spontaneous fermentation driven by indigenous microorganisms. The fermentation process generally occurs under anaerobic conditions and is primarily dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including species such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus. These bacteria play a crucial role in modifying the physicochemical properties of the product, including a significant reduction in pH, an increase in the concentration of organic acids, and the formation of volatile compounds responsible for tempoyak’s distinctive aroma and overall flavor complexity. In addition to enhancing its unique sensory profile, the fermentation process also extends the shelf life and introduces probiotic potential to the final product. This study aims to observe and analyze the microbiological and chemical aspects of tempoyak fermentation and to evaluate its potential as a local functional food with health-promoting properties. Laboratory tests and microbial analyses confirmed that the fermentation process not only retains essential nutrients but also promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, provided the production conditions are hygienically maintained at all stages. The study emphasizes the importance of controlled fermentation techniques to ensure product safety and consistent quality. Furthermore, the findings reveal that tempoyak could serve as a promising probiotic-rich food that supports digestive health, contributing to the diversification of traditional Indonesian fermented foods. With its appealing flavor, cultural value, growing consumer interest, and potential health benefits, tempoyak holds significant promise for future development and commercialization, particularly in the field of functional food innovation rooted in indigenous culinary practices.

Orthosiphon aristatus is a medicinal plant that has the potential as a natural antibacterial agent. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cat's whiskers leaf extract on microbial growth using Nutrient Agar (NA) media with variations in extract concentrations of 100 gr, 50 gr, and 25 gr. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the well diffusion paper disk method, and observations of microbial growth inhibition zones were carried out after incubation for 24 hours at 37°C. The test results showed that there was inhibition of microbial growth that varied according to the concentration of the extract used; a concentration of 100 gr gave the largest inhibition zone compared to 50 gr and 25 gr. Data analysis showed that increasing extract concentration was directly proportional to increasing antibacterial effectiveness. These findings indicate that Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract has the potential as a natural antibacterial that is effective in inhibiting microbial growth in NA media, so it has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations.

This research aims to analyze the creativity profile and conceptual understanding of students in the sub-concept of animal and plant cell organelles in class XI SMA Negeri 3 Cilegon. The method used is descriptive with a population of 24 students. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The instruments used include creativity assessment sheets, creative product assessments, and multiple choice questions. The results show that student creativity in processes and products is in the good category with average scores of 78.69 and 80.7 respectively. Students' understanding of concepts is also relatively good with an average score of 74.8. These findings show that students can understand learning material well through a creative approach.

Soursop leaves contain active compounds annonaceous acetogenins which are known to have cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. This study aims to evaluate the effect of soursop leaf methanol extract (EMDS) on the viability and growth inhibition of PC3 prostate cancer cells. The research method used was an in vitro experiment with subjects in the form of PC3 cell lines divided into five groups, namely the cell control group, the treatment group with EMDS at concentrations of 6.25; 12.5; and 25 mg/mL, and the group given doxorubicin as a positive control. Cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay method after incubation for 0 and 24 hours, and cell morphology was observed. Data analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test. The results showed that the EMDS group with concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 µg/mL experienced a decrease in OD values, although statistically there was no significant difference. The concentration of 12.5 µg/mL had the highest inhibitory effect on cell viability with an OD value of 0.94. Observation of cell morphology indicates the presence of cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: methanol extract of soursop leaves has potential as an anticancer agent against PC3 prostate cancer cells, although the inhibitory effect is relatively small.

Vegetable ingredients are natural sources of active compounds that have the potential to be used as control agents for pathogenic microorganisms in various fields, including health and agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the synergistic effect between aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) and bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) extracts on inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in different media. Aloe vera extract is obtained using the infundation method, while bandotan extract is obtained using the maceration technique. The concentrations tested were 30%, 45%, and 60% for each extract, as well as a combination of both. Testing was carried out on two main applications: as an antiseptic hand sanitizer by testing germ colonies using Plate Count Agar (PCA), and as a bacteria control Erwinia carotovora, the cause of carrot tuber rot, using the Path Ways Analysis test. The results showed that the combination of aloe vera and bandotan extracts had more significant inhibitory effectiveness than single extracts in both applications. A combination concentration of 60% gave the best results with a reduction in bacterial colonies of up to 90%. The mechanism of action of active compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics and saponins in this vegetable extract plays an important role in damaging bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting the metabolism of microorganisms. This research confirms the potential of using local plant materials as an environmentally friendly and economical solution for controlling pathogenic bacteria in the health and agricultural sectors.

Decoction water betel leaf is a traditional Balinese medicine containing the active compound hydroxychavikol, has antioxidant and antidyslipemic activity. From the results of the study it was reported that decoction water of betel leaf contains the active compound hydroxycavicol (HC). The active compound hiroksikavikol has activity as an antioxidant and antidyslipidemia. As an anti-oxidant, it can scavenge ROS and inhibit the activity of free radicals. As an antidyslipidemia, it can normalize lipid metabolism by lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL levels and increasing blood serum HDL levels. Oxidative stress and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for heart disease caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the occurrence of plaque formation in the lumen of blood vessels triggered by oxidative stress through endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation and lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress causes endothelial cell dysfunction, increased contractility, VSMC growth, monocyte invasion and lipid peroxidation, inflammation and increased deposition of extracellular protein matrix. Based on these things, it was concluded that HC loloh boiled water of betel leaf has antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity to prevent heart disease.

Isotoma Longiflora Presi known as kitolod belongs to the Campanulaceae family. This plant is used as traditional medicine, and now continues to be in the process of moving towards conventional herbal medicine. Kitolod plants grow scattered on several islands in Indonesia, especially in the lowlands. This review article discusses the scientific journal of the kitolod plant which focuses on chemical compounds and also their pharmacological activities. All information exposure obtained from scientific literature such as scientific journals, the official website of the Minister of Health, books and also electronic books. Based on the results of a literature survey, Kitolod Plant (Isotoma Longiflora Presi). used in traditional medicine, used as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and is also able to help treat glaucoma and hyperlepidemia. Phytochemical compounds contained in this plant are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. This finding was obtained from both in vivo and in vitro testing and analysis of Isotoma Longiflora Presi.