This study aims to increase the interest in learning history among ninth-grade students at SMP Sinar Pancasila Betun through the application of the role-playing method. The research problem addressed in this study is how effective the role-playing method is in increasing students' interest in learning history and what factors influence the success of this method. The study uses a classroom action research (CAR) method, consisting of four cycles. Each cycle includes stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection instruments used include observation sheets and learning interest questionnaires. The results of the study show a significant increase in students' interest in learning after the application of the role-playing method. In the second cycle, the average student learning interest was at 66%, and it gradually increased to 81% by the fourth cycle. The discussion of these results indicates that the role-playing method not only increases students' interest in learning but also facilitates collaboration, active participation, and student creativity in the history learning process. Therefore, it can be concluded that the role-playing method is effective in increasing the interest in learning history among ninth-grade students at SMP Sinar Pancasila Betun.

Learning is essentially a process of interaction between students and educators and learning resources in a learning environment, according to Gagne (Kanusta 1977: 19). The purpose of this study was to measure the level of student activeness in the classroom by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning method. Based on the results of observations that have been made by researchers in history learning activities in class X SMA Swasta Gabriel Wanibesak from 24 students, only 49% of students are active in learning history, this also shows that in cycle I the level of student learning activeness has a classical percentage level of 49% where this is further confirmed based on the formula for calculating student activeness criteria in learning according to Arikunto (2007: 18) If the level of activeness is below 75% then students are less active in participating in the teaching and learning process. In cycle II researchers used the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning method, there was an increase in the level of student activeness where the level of activeness in cycle II classically averaged 83%, this shows the level of enthusiasm of students in participating in the teaching and learning process that occurs in the classroom, in cycle II the teacher also tries to guide students to be more active in the teaching and learning process, such as answering questions given by the teacher, being able to express opinions, students are also active in group discussions, students actively ask the teacher regarding the material that has been conveyed, with the help and guidance of the teacher so that in cycle II the average level of student activeness has increased well.

The title of this study is the meaning of Oko Mama in the Sono Village Community, North Amanatun District, Sout Centeral Timor Regency. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the meaning of Oko Mama in the Sono Village Community. The theory used ini this research is using qualitative research method in analyzing data obtained in the field. In determining the informants who were interviewed, three people were used, consisting of the head of Sono Village, Traditional Elders and the Community. The results of this study indicate that the meaning of Oko Mama in the Sono Village Community, Oko Mama is a tradition inherited from ancestors that must be preserved and applied in everyday life. And in any activity, the community uses Oko Mama as the main media to open the activity. Based on the results of the study above, the author explains several things as follows: Through research, it is hoped that the people of Sono Village will love local culture more because culture has the identity of a region. And it is hoped that the community can provide knowledge for the next generation about the importance of preserving the Oko Mama culture.