This study aims to describe the strategies used by PPKn teachers of grade VII at MTs Negeri Samarinda in fostering students' disciplined character during learning. This study uses a qualitative research type with research subjects consisting of 1 PPKn teacher of grade VII and 6 students of grade VII through the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the development of disciplined character carried out by PPKn teachers went well where the teachers implemented various strategies, namely: Development of discipline in dressing is carried out through role models, conditioning at the beginning of learning, and giving sanctions. Development of time discipline is carried out through role models, giving tiered sanctions, and arranging activities and duration of activities in the classroom according to estimates. Development of task discipline is carried out by giving assignment deadlines, clear assignment guidelines, and feedback on student assignment results. Meanwhile, development of behavioral discipline is carried out through role models, setting behavioral rules during learning, and giving tiered sanctions. During the implementation of the above strategies, it was seen that students had shown their discipline well.

The farmer's chicken supply chain is a complex system that involves various stages starting from selecting chicken seeds, rearing, feeding, health management, to distribution of the final product to the market. Distribution Channels are closely related to the Supply Chain process, both of which are important in a business, both large and small businesses. The aim of this research is to determine the Broiler Chicken Supply Chain at Kemiri Village Broiler Farms, Jenangan District, Ponorogo Regency. The research method used is observation, interviews and documentation. This broiler farm is under contract with PT. Bintang Tama to supply feed, vitamin medicine, chicken seeds, and also chicken brokers/collectors. Chicken seeds come from PT.Bintang Tama Sentosa after which the chickens are bred for 28 days to 35 days according to the contract with the broker/collector, in 1 harvest/livestock from 3000 seedlings to harvest, the estimated death is 200 deaths, this process cannot be separated from the control carried out by the livestock manager. Chicken farming here is managed well, starting with providing different feeds. Meat chicken seeds are fed with the types of feed, namely pre starter, starter, and finisher, this feed is given at 3 different/not the same age periods for the chickens in 1 harvest. Pak Endra's Farm – Agent – Broiler Chicken Entrepreneur – Market/Restaurant – Final Consumer.

The supply chain is a network of companies that work together to produce and deliver products to end users. UMKM Getuk Lindri Bu Umi has problems related to the management of cassava raw material inventory used in Getuk Lindri production, namely the supply of raw materials, storage of raw materials, and product marketing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the supply chain management (SCM) used by MSMEs in carrying out their production processes to be effective and efficient in achieving predetermined goals. The method used in this research is a qualitative method carried out as much as observation and direct observation of MSME owners. The solutions offered include establishing communication with suppliers or adding new suppliers who are more cooperative, collaborating with universities to get better storage technology.

Control chalrts alre one of the most widely used quallity interpretaltion tools to determine whether al process is within control limits or whether the calpalbility of al process is within the expected limits alnd criterial. In every production process problems alre often found such als product rejects alnd product defects. Control chalrts caln be used to monitor current alnd ongoing production processes. Observaltions were malde alt the Wilis Valn Jalval coffee industry localted in Kalre District, Maldiun Regency with robustal coffee types. The method used in this observaltion is descriptive with al qualntitaltive alpproalch through observaltion, interviews alnd documentaltion. The technique used in daltal alnallysis is using al P-chalrt. The alnallysis results show thalt coffee defects alccount for 1l0l% of the totall ralw malterialls used. To alchieve optimall production levels, compalnies must paly alttention to detalils thalt caluse production defects to optimize revenue alnd reduce loss falctors.

Inheritance is wealth which can be a collection of assets and liabilities from the heir which is transferred to the heirs. In inheritance law, a principle applies, namely that if an heir dies then by law his rights and obligations immediately pass to his heirs. The division of inherited assets can have legal impacts in society which occurred in the Sikka Krowe Tribe community, specifically in Klotong Hamlet, Bura Bekor Village, Bola District, Sikka Regency between disputed heirs. The problem formulation of this research is 1. What are the reasons for the struggle between heirs? 2. What is the process for resolving property disputes between heirs? And 3. How is the distribution of assets resulting from struggles between heirs viewed from the customary law of the Sikka Krowe tribe, Bola District, Sikka Regency? This research is empirical legal research. The data sources in this research are primary and secondary data sources. Data management and analysis techniques are editing, classification and description, then the data obtained, both primary and secondary data, will be processed and analyzed by researchers based on the problem formulation. Based on the research results, the reason why there is a struggle between heirs in inherited land disputes is that the family does not know the exact status of ownership of the inherited land and the factor of poor communication between the two parties. Settlement of disputes or disputes Done through utun omok (gathering to find a way out) includes: presenting family parties, deliberation or mediation (kula babong), decision making, settlement and returning decisions to the parties in dispute. Distribution of land inheritance using a patrilineal kinship system, namely distribution that is directly given to sons as the main heirs and gets more inheritance.

The Constitutional Court's decision confirms that customary forests are no longer state forests. This decision concerns two issues, namely, regarding customary forests and conditional recognition of the existence of indigenous communities. Legal issues, what are the implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on the regulation of customary forests and its impact on the rights of customary law communities. Aims to determine the implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on customary forest regulation and its impact on the rights of customary law communities. Types of normative research. Library study data collection techniques. The types of approaches are the statutory approach, contextual approach, historical approach, comparative approach and analytical approach. Using primary and secondary legal materials. Qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that Constitutional Court Decision has implications for forestry regulation in the form of creating implementing regulations governing customary forests that have developed significantly. The impact of the decision on customary law communities is, namely, the positive impact, customary law communities are recognized as owners of customary forests and the negative impact, the conditionality of recognition of the existence of customary law communities is increasingly strengthened.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal existence of Lingko Mbehal land in the administrative area of Boleng District, West Manggarai Regency. The type of research used by the author is empirical normative legal research. The sources of legal materials used in this research are primary and secondary legal materials. The method of processing legal materials through 3 (three) stages, namely editing, coding and systematization of data which is then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the results of the research, the structure of the mbehal customary functionaries now consists of: tua golo, tua gendang and tua batu The loss of tua pasa and penggawa is due to the fact that the lingko or customary land in mbehal has become private land or property rights. Due to the belief of the mbehal indigenous people, the existence of the lingko means that the tua pasa and penggawa also exist, because the duties of the two customary functionaries are closely related to land. the current implementation of the functions of the mbehal customary functionaries are: First, Tua Gendang functions as the head of the traditional house. Secondly, Tua Golo usually leads nempung or joint deliberations. Thirdly, Tua Pasa only functions when clearing land. Fourth, the penggawa is responsible for distributing the lingko to the community because Tua Pasa is only responsible for clearing the land. Finally, Tua Batu functions as the head of the family at the branch family level. The legal position of lingko mbehal land is: Firstly, the opening of lingko mbehal has several stages, namely nempung (deliberation), preparation for the division of the lingko (haju pasa and tuak bongko), implementation of the lingko lodok (teing hang/torok manuk, weri haju pasa and division of the lingko. Secondly, when planting, materials such as manuk sepang, manuk bakok and manuk welu are prepared. During the harvest season, the mbehal community calls it "uma randang dara wini latung". Thirdly, the Mbehal Lingko consists of two types of Lingko, namely religious Lingko and randang Lingko.

Furnace cu marriage is a marriage carried out between the daughter of a brother and the son of a biological sister. The marriage of the furnace cu has been carried out since ancient times so that it is carried out from generation to generation by the people of Timung Village. This marriage is an incestuous marriage prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage in Article 8b. At the time the marriage law came into force in 1974, there were still those who carried out cu furnace marriages (inbreeding). The formulation of the problem from the research is: How is the legal awareness of the people of Kampung Timung, regarding furnace cu marriage (inbreeding) which is prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage? And How is the existence of the furnace cu marriage in Timung Village at this time? The purpose of this study is to determine the legal awareness of the people of Timung Village regarding furnace cu marriage (inbreeding) which is prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974. The second purpose is to find out the existence or existence of the cu furnace marriage in Timung Village at this time. The type of research used in this study is a type of empirical legal research. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data processing and analysis techniques, namely editing, coding, data systematization, then the data obtained both primary and secondary data will be processed and analyzed by researchers based on problem formulations. Based on the results of research that researchers have conducted, legal awareness of the Timung Village Community is still low because the Timung Village Community does not know and understand that cu furnace marriage (incestuous marriage) is prohibited in the Marriage Law, so that after the Marriage Law has come into effect in 1974 the Timung Village community still practices cu furnace marriage until 2005. The legal awareness of the Timung Village Community after the Marriage Law came into effect in 1974 against the ban on marriage was caused by several factors such as, customary factors, low level of education, compulsion due to arranged marriages by parents, lack of legal counseling from the government regarding the prohibition of marriage contained in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The existence of furnace cu marriages at this time, is rarely found and has begun to fade, influenced by several factors such as bans from the church, fear that offspring will be born defective, the influence of social media.

Usaha tani padi organik menghadapi berbagai permasalah terutama yang terkait dengan efisiensi pemasaran. Pemasaran yang efisien adalah ketika total biaya yang dikeluarkan petani lebih kecil dari total nilai produk yang diterima (TB < TNP) dan efisiensi pemasaran juga dipengaruhi oleh Break Even Point (BEP), semakin rendah nilai titik impas akan menyebabkan EP yang semakin tinggi (< 100%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemasaran beras organik dan untuk mengetahui BEP dari harga jual dan jumlah produksi beras organik yang dapat disasilkan petani dalam satu kali masa produksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelompok Tani Sumber Makmur 1, Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Kecamatan Lawang, Kabupaten Malang. Metode sensus digunakan dalam penentuan sampel, dengan total populasi sebanyak 44 petani. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi, dengan metode analisis data kuantitatif. Hipotesis penelitian: 1) Pemasaran beras organik belum efisien. 2) Harga jual dan jumlah produksi beras organik sudah mencapai Break Even Point (BEP). Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan efisiensi pemasaran dicapai nilai sebesar 64,66%,. Hal tersebut berati bahwa total biaya yang dikeluarkan petani hanya sebesar 64,66% dari total nilai produk yang terjual. Untuk BEP harga jual sebesar Rp. 4.849 dan BEP produksi sebesar 1.855 kg, berarti harga jual yang ditetapkan petani sebesar Rp. 7.500 dan produksi yang dihasilkan sebesar 2.870 kg sudah mencapai BEP. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak, berarti pemasaran beras organik di Kelompok Tani Sumber Makmur 1, Desa Sumber Ngepoh sudah mencapai BEP.Kata Kunci: Beras Organik, Efisiensi Pemasaran, Break Even Point