This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concept and implementation of skill management as a cohesive set of competencies encompassing technical, interpersonal, conceptual, and strategic skills within organizational and entrepreneurial contexts. The background highlights the critical role of skill management in addressing the challenges posed by a highly competitive and rapidly evolving business environment, where mastery of these competencies determines both individual and organizational effectiveness in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve collective objectives. Grounded in a literature review of seminal works by Robbins & Coulter, Katz, Drucker, Mintzberg, Armstrong, and Barney & Hesterly, this study adopts a structured approach that covers definitions, classification of skill types, their roles in organizations, development strategies, implementation challenges, and applications in entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that: (1) technical, human, and conceptual skills are complementary across different managerial levels; (2) skill development requires a blend of formal education, field practice, mentorship, and technology utilization; (3) primary challenges include technological adaptation, complexity of decision-making, and limitations in training resources; and (4) in entrepreneurial ventures, effective skill management is fundamental to planning, finance, human resources, innovation, and communication. In conclusion, skill management should not be viewed as a static competency but as a strategic asset that must be continuously enhanced through lifelong learning, enabling both individuals and organizations to sustain growth and resilience in the era of globalization and digital transformation.

Although business development is a concept that has been applied in entrepreneurial practice, academic attention to its dynamics in the context of micro-enterprises is still very limited. This study aims to explore the core strategies in culinary UMKM business development and the challenges, by taking a case study of the culinary clusters on Jalan Pulosari and Jalan Kawi in Malang City. Through a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 30 micro-enterprises, this study identified three core business development activities that focus on utilizing business resources, as well as three supporting activities that function to secure and organize these resources. This finding indicate that all business development activities are centered on three main practices: leveraging, securing, and organizing resources, as explained in the resource-based view framework. In addition, this study reveals three contextual factors that influence UMKM development strategies: business sector, company age, and involvement in local business incubators. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in the development of a new conceptualization of business development in the microenterprise sector, which forms the majority of the global economic structure, but often fails to embark on a sustainable growth path. Practical implications are also offered, including strategies for time management and strengthening managerial capacity in response to perceived resource constraints. This study also proposes a further research agenda to explore the dynamics of business development in UMKM with more diverse qualities and contexts.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in global economic growth. However, not all entrepreneurs achieve success. This study aims to deeply examine the mindset and character that serve as the fundamental basis for entrepreneurial success, as well as the influencing factors and strategies for fostering these qualities based on a literature review. Through a literature review method, it was found that successful entrepreneurs possess a growth mindset, are solution-oriented, and adaptive, supported by specific thinking methods like BETSCA (Bricolage, Effectuation, Think Structurally, Cognitive Adaptability). Furthermore, key characters such as commitment, creativity, resilience, risk-taking propensity, and networking ability are crucial elements. The study also identified various driving factors and types of motivation (intrinsic-extrinsic) in entrepreneurship. Another important finding is that the entrepreneurial spirit and character can be learned and developed through personal commitment, a supportive environment, education, and continuous learning processes. The conclusion of this study asserts that the combination of the right mindset and strong character, along with the ability to continuously develop both, is essential for increasing the chances of success in the world of entrepreneurship.

Managing human resources and entrepreneurship are two crucial components of any successful organization. Human resources management focuses on recruiting, training, and retaining employees to ensure they can perform their job duties effectively. On the other hand, entrepreneurship involves the creation and development of new business ventures, products, or services. Both areas play a significant role in the overall success and growth of a company. In this paper, we will explore the intersection of human resources management and entrepreneurship, examining how these two disciplines can work together to drive innovation and organizational success. By leveraging the expertise and creativity of both HR professionals and entrepreneurs, companies can cultivate a culture of innovation and adaptability. This collaboration can lead to the development of cutting-edge products and services, as well as the implementation of forward-thinking HR practices that attract and retain top talent. However, integrating HR and entrepreneurship may also present challenges, such as balancing risk-taking with employee well-being and ensuring that organizational goals align with individual aspirations. Despite these obstacles, the potential benefits of combining these disciplines are vast, offering companies a strategic advantage in today's competitive business landscape.

Sustainable business transformation has become a cornerstone of modern corporate strategy in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. The Sustainability-Led Innovation (SLI) approach provides an innovation framework that embeds sustainability principles into business models, fostering organizational adaptability and long-term value creation. This study aims to (1) identify the mechanisms for integrating SLI into sustainable business models, (2) evaluate SLI’s contribution to competitive advantage, and (3) analyze the development of dynamic capabilities to support sustainability initiatives. By combining the Sustainability-Driven Business Model Innovation (SBMI), Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), and Triple Bottom Line (TBL) frameworks, this qualitative research utilizes in-depth interviews and document analysis of culinary SMEs in Malang. Findings reveal that organizations adopting SLI achieve higher operational efficiency, respond more agilely to regulatory changes, and attract stronger consumer loyalty. These insights underscore the necessity of embedding sustainable innovation strategies into long-term business planning to secure resilient competitive advantage.

This study examines business organization planning and human resource management in an effort to form an entrepreneurial spirit. The main goal is to understand how human resource management can contribute to the achievement of business goals and create resilient entrepreneurs. The method applied is a literature study by analyzing various literature related to business organizational planning, human resource management, and entrepreneurship. The results of the study show that careful planning and good human resource management can have a significant impact on organizational success while supporting the achievement of entrepreneurial goals efficiently.

the digital and globalization era, entrepreneurs face complex challenges related to intellectual property rights (IPR) violations, such as piracy, brand counterfeiting, and idea theft. This phenomenon not only has an impact on the legal aspect, but also creates significant business ethics dilemmas. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the application of business ethics and IPR protection in the context of entrepreneurship, and to explore how the integration of the two can improve business competitiveness and sustainability. The methodology used is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach, reviewing various sources such as scientific journals, legal regulations related to IPR, and case studies of entrepreneurs who apply ethical principles and IPR protection. The results of the study indicate that the application of strong business ethics has a significant impact on the awareness and compliance of business actors in protecting intellectual property. Meanwhile, an understanding of IPR law can encourage innovation and create a fair and sustainable business climate. This is in accordance with the theory of the application of business ethics, IPR protection and legal protection for consumers have a significant influence on business, emphasizing the importance of integrating the three to support fair and sustainable business practices. This study confirms that the integration of business ethics and IPR protection is not only a formal legal aspect, but also an important strategy in building a positive image, consumer trust, and long-term business sustainability. Therefore, education and awareness of the importance of business ethics and IPR protection need to be increased among entrepreneurs to create a healthy, competitive and sustainable business ecosystem.

Science and the scientific method are two closely related concepts that support the development of research. The scientific method provides a systematic framework for acquiring, validating, and organizing knowledge, while science serves as the theoretical foundation for further exploration. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to evaluate the relationship between science and the scientific method in advancing research. By analyzing recent literature, this article identifies patterns, challenges, and opportunities in the application of the scientific method across various disciplines. The findings reveal that the scientific method not only acts as a tool for validation but also as a mechanism for fostering innovation in multidisciplinary research. This highlights its critical role in ensuring the reliability and relevance of scientific advancements.

Philosophy has long been an integral part in shaping human thought patterns and behavior. However, in the context of everyday life, the influence of philosophical schools is often hidden in the moral, social and individual decisions we make. This research aims to analyze how various philosophical schools, such as rationalism, empiricism, existentialism, pragmatism, analytical philosophy, and moral philosophy, influence everyday life through a systematic literature review. By collecting and analyzing scientific articles, books and related research, this research assesses the practical application of philosophical principles in aspects of human life, from individual ethics to social and political impacts. The findings of this study show that philosophical schools contribute significantly to the formation of views of life, ethical decision making, and social relationships. However, its implementation often faces challenges in the complex context of modern life. This research suggests the importance of understanding philosophy in improving the quality of personal and societal life. Apart from that, this study also opens up space for further research regarding the role of philosophy in the context of technology and globalization

Truth and responsibility are fundamental ethical principles that shape leadership practices in corporate settings. This study explores the philosophical foundations of truth and responsibility and their applications in leadership ethics within organizations. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research synthesizes findings from various philosophical schools, such as deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, to examine how leaders can navigate ethical dilemmas, foster integrity, and build trust. The results reveal that embracing truth and accountability enhances decision-making processes, strengthens organizational culture, and mitigates ethical risks. This study highlights the significance of philosophical reflection in addressing modern leadership challenges, particularly in fostering transparency and ethical responsibility in complex business environments. Future research should focus on integrating these principles into leadership development programs to promote sustainable and ethical organizational growth.