Fatherless is a condition of psychological absence of fathers in the growth and development of children in household life. This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of fatherlessness in Indonesia due to patriarchal culture, using Amina Wadud's feminist thinking about the concept of caring for children. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, namely by collecting books, journals, and websites related to the research theme. The analysis used is critical analysis by describing the formal object, namely Amina Wadud's thinking, to be used as an analysis of the material object, namely the fatherless phenomenon in Indonesia. The results of the analysis of this study are fatherless conditions due to patriarchal culture should not occur because; first, the Qur'an states that the rights and obligations in caring for children between men and women are the same. Second, a flexible system of cooperation is key in the household, including in terms of caring for children. Third, women also have the right to be as productive as men, not just focusing on childcare.

This research aims to outline the integration of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx's thoughts in Slavoj Žižek's philosophy through Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic perspective. The main focus of the research is to understand how Žižek combines Hegel's dialectic that emphasises process, difference and contingency with Marx's materialism critique that has been considered too teleological, and enriches his analysis with Lacan's theory of the unconscious to answer contemporary socio-political issues more sharply and relevantly. The method used is a literature study by collecting data from books, journals, and trusted academic sources that discuss the thoughts of Žižek, Hegel, Marx, and Lacan. The data was analysed qualitatively with a descriptive and interpretative approach to explore the meaning and interrelationship of philosophical concepts in Žižek's philosophical construction. The results show that Žižek reconstructs Hegel's dialectic as an ontological foundation that emphasises contingency and uncertainty, while criticising the teleology of classical Marxism. He develops the concept of active and passive dialectical subjects, and uses Lacan's psychoanalysis to analyse ideology and the structure of subjectivity in modern capitalism. This approach results in a radical and applicable contemporary dialectical materialism, providing a framework for critical analysis of 21st century socio-political realities.