The performance of the Hajj pilgrimage is one of the pillars of Islam that must be fulfilled by Muslims who possess the ability (istita'ah). Due to the overwhelming number of applicants and the restrictions on the number of pilgrims allowed to depart each year imposed by the Saudi Arabian government, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia has limited the departure of prospective Hajj pilgrims through a quota system and the allocation of waiting numbers known as "nomor porsi" (quota numbers). One consequence of this situation is that some prospective Hajj pilgrims who have registered and received their quota numbers may pass away before their departure. To address this issue, the Director General of Hajj and Umrah Implementation has issued Decree Number 130 of 2020, which allows for the transfer of quota numbers to one of the heirs of a deceased prospective Hajj pilgrim who did not have the opportunity to perform the pilgrimage. The findings of the study indicate that the Hajj quota of a deceased prospective pilgrim is part of their rights that fall into the category of inheritance. When such a right falls into this category, it can become an inheritance that must be divided among heirs who meet the requirements.

This study explores the philosophy of wasiat wajibah (obligatory bequest) within the Islamic inheritance law system in Indonesia, by examining its philosophical, normative, and practical foundations in the context of national law. Wasiat wajibah is a legal institution that grants a mandatory inheritance share to heirs who are otherwise excluded from inheritance rights, such as grandchildren whose parent (the child of the deceased) has passed away before the testator. The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophical foundations of wasiat wajibah, its relevance to the Islamic principle of justice, and its integration into Indonesia's positive legal system. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a normative-philosophical method. Data were collected through literature review of both primary and secondary sources, including classical Islamic jurisprudence texts, Indonesian legal regulations (such as the Compilation of Islamic Law), and philosophical writings on Islamic legal thought. The data were analyzed interpretively and reflectively through textual and conceptual analysis. The findings indicate that wasiat wajibah is grounded in strong philosophical principles of justice, compassion, and protection of vulnerable groups. In the Indonesian context, this concept has been incorporated into the Compilation of Islamic Law, particularly in Article 209, as a form of legal adaptation to the complex and plural realities of modern society. However, its implementation still faces challenges due to differing scholarly opinions among Islamic schools of thought and limited awareness among legal practitioners. In conclusion, wasiat wajibah serves as a bridge between Islamic moral values and a responsive positive legal system. A philosophical approach to wasiat wajibah reinforces the urgency of reconstructing the Islamic inheritance system in Indonesia to be more just, adaptive, and contextually relevant.