Penilaian pembelajaran bahasa Arab sering kali tidak tepat sasaran dan terkesan sangat menoton sehingga menghasilkan output yang membuat peserta didik gagal berpikir dengan tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghadirkan wujud baru dalam penilaian pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan output berupa meningkatkan daya berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik dengan gaya pembelajaran yang holistik. Dalam proses pelaksanaannya penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi dokumen atau teks. Analisis data dilakukan dengan empat tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan terakhir penarikan kesimpulan. Selanjutnya sajian data berupa temuan penilaian pada pembelajaran mahārah istimā’ disajikan dalam bentuk naratif dan bergambar. Penyajian data dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penilaian pembelajaran istimā’ pada buku bahasa Arab kelas VI yang diterbitkan oleh KSKK Kementrian Agama RI  sangat menoton dan tidak mengarah pada tujuan pembelajaran Hots. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa megembangkan penilaian pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada buku tersebut dengan berbasis Hots

This research focuses on optimising precise Brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed control using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The fundamental problem lies in the performance of PID control, which is highly dependent on the accuracy of determining its gain parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd), where manual tuning methods often do not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply the Ziegler-Nichols systematic method to the PID control tuning process for BLDC motors and then evaluate the performance of the resulting system based on key response time parameters such as rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The proposed method involves designing a mathematical model of the BLDC motor and applying the Ziegler-Nichols technique, specifically the Ultimate Oscillation Method, to systematically derive the values of Ku and Pu which are then used to calculate Kp (5.1), Ki (22.7), and Kd (0.29). The main findings show a dramatic performance improvement in the BLDC speed control system after the implementation of the tuned PID; the rise time is significantly reduced from 0.3728 seconds (without PID) to 0.0041 seconds, the settling time improves from 0.6642 seconds to 0.0073 seconds, and most importantly, the steady-state error of 45.38% is eliminated to 0%.  The main idea synthesis is that the Ziegler-Nichols method provides an effective and practical approach to PID parameter optimization, resulting in a highly responsive, accurate and stable BLDC motor control system. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrates that applying a PID controller with parameters determined via the Ziegler-Nichols method significantly improves the speed control quality of a BLDC motor, overcoming the steady-state error problem and substantially improving the transient response characteristics.

This research aims to find out: (1) Improvement in student learning outcomes, (2) Student responses, (3) Find out whether there is an increase in student and teacher activity, after implementing the taching factory learning model on basic electrical concepts material in class XI TBSM SMK Negeri 1 Nisam. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental Design using a non-equivalent control design. The sampling technique used was 40 students consisting of 20 class XI TBSM 2 students as the experimental class and 20 TBSM 1 students as the control class. Data collection instruments use multiple choice questions and questionnaires. The research results show that: (1) There is an increase in student learning outcomes after implementing the teaching factory learning model on basic motorbike electrical concept material with an average n-gain score for the experimental class of 0.70, which is in the medium category, in the control class the average is n -gain score of 0.16 is in the low category. (2) Student response questionnaire after applying the teaching factory learning model to the basic concepts of motorbike electricity in class XI TBSM SMK Negeri 1 Nisam is in the very good category with an average score of 83%. (3) teacher activities are in the good category with an overall average score of 3.42 with a percentage of 85.5%, while student activities are in the good category with an overall average score of 3.33 with a percentage score of 83%.

Urbanization, globalization, and economic growth in Indonesia have changed consumer behaviors, leading to more household waste and environmental damage. Modern consumerism, fueled by a neoliberal economic model, worsens these issues as Indonesia’s waste management systems fail to keep up with the increasing waste from growing urban and middle-class populations. This study examines how knowledge, personalization, and word-of-mouth marketing, three components of contemporary consumerism, affect sustainable and ethical consumer behavior, particularly with regard to home trash management in Indonesia. A quantitative technique was used, and 370 Indonesian homes were surveyed. A structured questionnaire with a Likert scale (1–5) was used to gather the data, and (SEM-PLS 3) was used for analysis. The findings demonstrated that word-of-mouth, personalization, and informativeness had a major influence on the intention to decrease waste as well as the formation of waste reduction behaviors. In turn, these behaviors and intentions strongly indicate long-term, responsible behavior. These findings underscore the crucial role of modern consumerism’s components in shaping responsible waste management practices. As the urban and middle-class demographics continue to grow, the implications for Indonesia’s waste management systems are profound, suggesting a critical need for targeted interventions that leverage personalization and social influence to promote sustainability.