Seed dormancy is one of the main factors that inhibit the process of germination and plant growth. This study aims to study the effectiveness of using gibberellic acid (GA3) in maintaining the dormancy of rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) Mekongga variety to increase germination. In this study, Mekongga rice seeds that experienced dormancy were given GA3 treatment with various concentrations. 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, and 0.75 ppm with 24- and 48-hour immersion. The parameters measured include germination percentage, maximum growing potential, dormancy intensity, and sprout length. This research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. This study was carried out using a factorial pattern Group Randomized Design (RAK), which consisted of two factors, namely four levels of soaking using three differences in GA3 concentration and one control (aquades) and two levels of seed immersion, namely 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that GA3 treatment in combination concentration treatment had an influence on observation parameters, and there was the best concentration, namely a concentration of 0.25 ppm in 48-hour soaking capable of producing the highest germination of 96.25%, maximum growth potential reaching 98.5% with a dormancy intensity value of 1.5%.

This study aims to analyze the legitimacy of authority in determining the elected candidate pairs in the Pilkada, as regulated in Articles 58 and 76 of the General Election Commission Regulation (PKPU) Number 18 of 2024, using Jean Jacques Rousseau's theory of legitimacy of authority. The difference in the mechanism for determining the winner between DKI Jakarta by obtaining more than 50% of the valid votes and other provinces based only on the most votes, gives rise to anomalies that have the potential to damage the legitimacy of authority. The impact is that the determination of elected candidates who do not obtain more than 50% of the votes will create skepticism about being trusted by the public. This is contrary to Rousseau's principle of the general will, that legitimate power must come from the collective will of the community. Normative juridical is used as a method in this study with a statutory and conceptual approach. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of PKPU Number 18 of 2024, which was only ratified in November 2024. The use of Rousseau's theory applied in studies related to election regulations in Indonesia is unique in this study.  The results of the study show that Article 58 of PKPU Number 18 of 2024 is contrary to the principle of general will, so the KPU needs to revise the regulation to guarantee the legitimacy of leadership. Where the provisions that must be changed are in Paragraph (1). In addition, implementing a run-off election mechanism and elected leaders need to involve the community in policy-making as compensation for the lack of legitimacy. Concrete steps that can be taken are through public hearings from the community. This study makes a significant contribution by offering a new perspective in the analysis of Pilkada regulations, which focuses more on the general will as the foundation of the legitimacy of authority.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legitimasi kekuasaan dalam penetapan pasangan calon terpilih pada Pilkada, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 58 dan 76 Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (PKPU) Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan teori legitimasi kekuasaan Jean Jacques Rousseau. Perbedaan mekanisme penetapan pemenang antara DKI Jakarta dengan memperoleh suara 50% lebih dari jumlah suara sah dan Provinsi lain hanya berdasarkan suara terbanyak, memunculkan anomali yang berpotensi merusak legitimasi kekuasaan. Dampaknya, penetapan calon terpilih yang tidak memperoleh jumlah suara 50% lebih akan menimbulkan rasa skeptis untuk dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Hal ini bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum Rousseau, bahwa kekuasaan sah harus berasal dari keinginan kolektif masyarakat. Yuridis normatif digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis terhadap PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, yang baru disahkan pada November 2024. Penggunaan teori Rousseau yang diterapkan dalam studi terkait regulasi pemilu di Indonesia menjadi keunikan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 58 PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024 bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum, sehingga KPU perlu merevisi aturan tersebut untuk menjamin legitimasi kepemimpinan. Di mana ketentuan yang harus dirubah terletak pada Ayat (1). Selain itu, melakukan mekanisme run off election dan pemimpin terpilih perlu melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengambilan kebijakan sebagai kompensasi atas kurangnya legitimasi. Langkah konkret yang bisa dilakukan dengan cara rapat dengar pendapat umum dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dengan menawarkan perspektif baru dalam analisis regulasi Pilkada, yang lebih berfokus pada kehendak umum sebagai fondasi legitimasi kekuasaan.

The aim of this research is to determine law enforcement against operators of damaged roads which result in traffic accidents and to find out what are the obstacles in implementing law enforcement against operators of damaged roads which result in traffic accidents. This research uses an empirical legal research method where the researcher uses a statutory approach and a case approach and data collection is carried out using literature studies and interviews. The results of the research show: firstly, the police in the Bone Bolango Police area carry out law enforcement against drivers who maintain damaged roads that cause accidents. traffic in a preventive and repressive manner. Bone Bolango Regency Police have been carrying out repressive actions such as education and legal action; However, due to a number of obstacles experienced by the Bone Bolango Police, no legal action can be taken until the trial, which only requires making a case report. Both the internal and external operational environment of the traffic police are some of the challenges faced by the Bone Bolango Police. The Bone Bolango Police Traffic Accident Unit lacks personnel and expertise, and the officers' attitude towards drivers is less firm. One of the internal problems faced by the traffic police is this problem. Public ignorance of laws and regulations related to damaged roads and lack of community involvement in reporting damaged roads are two examples of external variables handled by the Traffic Police. Apart from that, there is ambiguity in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transport and Traffic. The meaning of "road managers" and the difficulty of law enforcement in enforcing these regulations, especially Article 273, which emphasizes the importance of considering the potential legal consequences for "road managers" who fail to repair damaged roads immediately, which can result in traffic accidents.