One of the common pests found in oil palm is the nettle caterpillar (Setothosea asigna), which can consume between 300 to 500 cm² of leaves per individual. A single oil palm tree may host between 5 to 10 of these caterpillars. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fogging in controlling Setothosea asigna infestations on oil palm trees of varying heights at PT Socfindo, Matapao Estate, North Sumatra. The research was conducted in two plantation blocks with different tree heights: block 49 with trees ranging from 9–12 meters and block 46 with trees ranging from 3–6 meters. Data collection involved an initial census to count caterpillars before fogging, followed by a post-fogging census to observe mortality rates. Data were analyzed using a t-test to compare the effectiveness of fogging between tall and short trees. The results showed that fogging was more effective on shorter trees, with an average mortality rate of 94%, compared to 90% on taller trees.

Divorce is a global phenomenon with significant implications for children's rights. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the fulfillment of children's rights after divorce in five countries with different legal systems: Qatar, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Jordan. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative legal research approach through literature review and legal document analysis. The findings reveal that each country has a unique mechanism for ensuring children's rights after divorce. Diverse legal systems—ranging from common law, civil law, to Islamic law—lead to variations in approaches to ensuring custody, care, and protection for children. The study identifies four critical dimensions in fulfilling children's rights: the right to survival and development, the right to protection, the right to education, and the right to participation. The comparative analysis highlights that cultural factors, legal systems, and political commitment play a fundamental role in determining the effectiveness of child rights protection after divorce. Key recommendations of this study include the need for regulatory harmonization, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, and developing sustainable monitoring systems. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the complexity of fulfilling children's rights across global legal systems.