The background of this research is the importance of pursuing knowledge based on good morals. The formation of Islamic character based on good morals is an important aspect that needs to be emphasized in students' lives, both in the school environment and in society. This is because good character is a reflection of the success of education, especially education based on Islamic values. However, at SMP Ma'arif NU 2 Kemranjen, several student behavioral problems were still found that indicate the suboptimal formation of Islamic character. Some students appeared unprepared when submitting memorization targets (deposits), were still outside the classroom when learning began, and arrived late to participate in the 0-hour habituation program. These problems indicate the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of the 0-hour habituation program that has been implemented by the school as an effort to form Islamic character. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the 0-hour habituation program on the formation of students' Islamic character. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method. The population in this study were all 107 eighth-grade students of SMP Ma'arif NU 2 Kemranjen from three classes. Data collection techniques were conducted through documentation of the 0-hour habituation program scores given by teachers and the Islamic character formation questionnaire completed by students. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics, with the calculation of averages, percentages, and data categorization. The results of the study indicate that the 0-hour habituation program did not have a significant impact on the formation of students' Islamic character. Nevertheless, this program is still being implemented because it is believed to have various benefits that can support the long-term character education process. This research contributes to schools in evaluating and developing more effective strategies for forming students' Islamic character.

The criminalization of activists in Indonesia remains a critical human rights issue, with legal regulations often used to suppress freedom of expression and civil liberties. Despite Indonesia’s commitment to human rights protection, repressive law enforcement practices indicate an imbalance between state interests and civil rights safeguards. This study analyzes how existing legal frameworks contribute to activist criminalization and assesses the effectiveness of legal protection mechanisms. Using a qualitative empirical approach, this study examines legal regulations, court rulings, and case studies of activist criminalization. Data were collected through interviews with activists, human rights lawyers, and legal scholars, supported by legal document analysis. Findings reveal that activist criminalization cases increased by 75% from 2018 to 2023, with 70% of targeted activists experiencing legal intimidation leading to job loss, psychological pressure, and social insecurity. Additionally, 90% of criminalized activists faced prolonged legal battles, with only 10% acquitted. Ambiguous legal provisions, particularly in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Criminal Code (KUHP), are frequently misused to silence activism. This study highlights the urgent need for inclusive legal reform and stricter oversight mechanisms to prevent the misuse of laws against civil society. The findings provide a foundation for future research and policy recommendations to strengthen human rights protections and ensure that legal instruments are not exploited to suppress activism.

Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV) is an escalating phenomenon in Indonesia, driven by the advancement of digital technology, which enables perpetrators to commit various forms of gender-based violence through online platforms. Data from the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) indicate a sharp rise in OGBV cases, from 1,200 cases in 2018 to 8,500 cases in 2023, suggesting that existing regulations remain insufficient in providing adequate protection for victims. This study aims to analyze the challenges in the criminalization of OGBV in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations, particularly the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP). A juridical approach with qualitative analysis is employed, incorporating an examination of current regulations, case studies of court rulings, and interviews with victims and law enforcement officials. The findings reveal that sanctions imposed on perpetrators remain relatively lenient, with only 18% of reported cases being processed by law enforcement, and less than 6% resulting in convictions. Furthermore, existing regulations do not comprehensively address the various forms of OGBV, making it challenging for victims to seek justice. This study underscores the necessity for a more specific and gender-sensitive revision of criminal law to enhance victim protection. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for policymakers in formulating more effective regulations to combat OGBV in Indonesia.

This study reviews and synthesizes existing research on the strategic implications and performance outcomes of corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Drawing from Scopus-indexed journal articles, it examines key factors influencing the success of M&A, emphasizing managerial decision-making processes and their subsequent impact on financial performance. Using a semantic analysis approach, this review explores the intricate dynamics of M&A, highlighting the interplay between strategic orientations, organizational capabilities, and market conditions. The findings provide a comprehensive perspective on how these variables collectively shape M&A outcomes, offering actionable insights for practitioners and scholars aiming to optimize merger strategies and achieve sustainable performance improvements.

The intelligence of an elementary school teacher in delivering material needs to be supported by the family environment and the role of the student's parents. From here we know that improving and developing the quality of knowledge about Mathematics is important. Purwakarta State Elementary School students in Cilegon City find it easier to remember and understand Mathematics lessons if they enjoy doing it and are accompanied by real experiences in everyday life. The role of higher education through the Tridharma of Higher Education is to carry out education, research and community service. One form of this obligation and concern is that as a Permanent Lecturer or academic at Serang Raya University, I intend to carry out community service to the students of Purwakarta State Elementary School, Cilegon City through Arithmetic training. This community service aims to provide learning services that are tailored to the learning difficulties of students at the Purwakarta State Primary School, Cilegon City. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is carried out in the classrooms of each class. As a result of the tutoring activities carried out by tutors for students, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes

Borrowing operational vehicles is currently still done manually, so employees who want to borrow and use operational vehicles for work purposes still have to come to the facilities and infrastructure section to see the availability of vehicles, then fill out the usage form manually, in addition to making loan reports also still use recording into the book. Based on these conditions, this study aims to design an information system for operational vehicle loans. The stages of system development in making this information system use the Prototyping model method which consists of the planning stage, the analysis stage, the design stage, and the implementation stage. Using the PHP programming language in its manufacture and MySQL Server as the database. The result of the research is a mobile web-based operational car loan information system that helps employees and the infrastructure department in the process of borrowing operational vehicles. This information system can also generate operational vehicle loan reports.