This study explores the relationship between smoking habits, hemoglobin levels, and awareness of carbon monoxide (CO) risks among street cleaning workers. Smoking is one of the most common sources of CO exposure, which can bind to hemoglobin and reduce oxygen transport in the body. A total of 67 street cleaning workers in West Jakarta were involved in this research, using a descriptive analytic approach. Data were collected through blood tests for hemoglobin levels, as well as interviews and questionnaires to assess smoking habits and knowledge of CO. The findings show that most respondents were light smokers (1–10 cigarettes per day), and 43% had been smoking for less than five years. While 66% of participants had normal hemoglobin levels, 33% had elevated levels, which may reflect the body’s response to reduced oxygen availability. Interestingly, 70% of respondents were aware of the health risks of CO, but knowledge tended to decline among long-term or heavy smokers. This indicates a gap between behavior and risk awareness. The study highlights the need for ongoing health education targeted at outdoor workers to increase understanding of CO exposure and prevent potential health impacts.

This research aims to explain the management control of public street lighting (PJU) in Tanjungpinang City. PJU is an important element in creating safety and comfort for the community in economic, social and traffic activities. However, not all areas in Tanjungpinang have been covered by PJU facilities, and many PJUs are damaged. This research uses the control theory by T. Hani Handoko (2010) which consists of 1) Feedforward control, 2) Concurrent control, and 3) Feedback control. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that PJU management control in Tanjungpinang City was not optimal. In feedforward control, there are obstacles such as the lack of community participation in PJU development planning. In concurrent control, coordination between the community, the Housing, Settlement Areas, Cleanliness and Parks Office, consultants, PLN, and contractors has not been optimal. While in feedback control, the lack of community participation in reporting damage and maintenance of PJU is only done based on reports or surveys with priority on protocol roads. Routine supervision is limited due to limited human resources, and response to public complaints is slow. This study concludes that the improvement of PJU management requires good planning and active community participation.

This activity aims to increase awareness of children, parents, and teachers about the importance of choosing healthy snacks for the health and development of children at Wadi Fatimah Kindergarten.. The counseling program involved 73 children and utilized interactive methods such as PowerPoint presentations, educational animated videos, food replicas, group discussions, and practical simulations. The results showed a significant increase in children's understanding of healthy snacks, from 35% to 82%, as well as increased parental and teacher involvement in guiding snack choices. The methods used proved effective in creating an engaging and meaningful learning experience. This study recommends periodic evaluations and further collaboration to sustain long-term impacts.

International humanitarian law (HHI) aims to protect individuals who are not involved in armed conflict, including children who are often victims or even perpetrators of warfare. The phenomenon of recruitment of child soldiers, although prohibited in various international legal instruments, but still takes place in a number of countries in conflict. This research discusses the legal implications for parties that violate the provisions regarding the recruitment of child soldiers, focusing on the provisions in the Rome Statute that classify the recruitment of child soldiers as a war crime. In addition, it analyses the underlying causes of the armed conflict in Sudan and how international accountability mechanisms can be optimised to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against children. In addition, it identifies opportunities and constraints in realising justice for child victims of armed conflict, as well as the importance of international cooperation in providing protection and rehabilitation for them. It is hoped that the findings will provide further insight into the challenges and efforts needed to protect children's rights in the midst of war and the importance of international law enforcement to prevent the exploitation of children in armed conflict.

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of the community in Puskesmas Tuntungan, Jl. Kutalimbaru, Desa Tuntungan I, Kecamatan Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, regarding the impact of political dynamics on BPJS Health policy in Puskesmas Tuntungan. Using a quantitative approach with 100 respondents, the results show that the majority of respondents are aware of the frequent changes in BPJS policy. This study concludes that the community has diverse and critical perceptions of the dynamics of BPJS Health policy and its relation to political conditions.

This study investigates the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing English language learning outcomes among learners. Gamification, defined as the integration of game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into non-game settings, has gained widespread popularity as an innovative and motivating instructional approach in education. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate how gamified strategies impact learner engagement, motivation, and overall language proficiency in English classrooms. To achieve this, a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups of learners: an experimental group exposed to gamified learning activities and a control group receiving traditional instructional methods. Data collection included pre- and post-assessments on language skills, as well as surveys measuring learners’ motivation and engagement levels. Analysis of the collected data reveals that the group learning through gamification demonstrated significantly higher gains in language proficiency compared to the control group. Additionally, the gamified group reported enhanced motivation and participation, indicating that gamification positively influences learners’ attitudes toward language learning. These findings suggest that incorporating game elements into English language teaching can create more dynamic, interactive, and enjoyable learning environments. Gamification not only fosters cognitive development but also satisfies psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential for sustaining motivation. Therefore, this study supports the use of gamified pedagogy as a promising tool to improve educational outcomes, particularly in language acquisition. Future research is encouraged to explore long-term effects and optimal design strategies for gamified learning applications.

The care of the dead in Islam is a fardhu kifayah obligation that every Muslim must know. However, awareness and understanding of the procedures of Tajhizul Mayit is still limited, especially among students. This study aims to integrate Tajhizul Mayit learning into the extracurricular curriculum at SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan through lecture, demonstration, and hands-on practice methods. This activity involved 27 learners with an approach of initial observation, program design, and competency evaluation. The results showed that students experienced an increase in understanding and skills in taking care of the dead according to the guidance of Islamic law. In addition, this program also forms Islamic character, increases empathy, and social care of students. Although there were obstacles such as the lack of availability of practical tools, collaboration efforts with donors and social institutions succeeded in overcoming these obstacles. Positive responses from students and school administrators indicate that this program deserves to be a permanent part of extracurricular activities to increase the awareness and readiness of the younger generation in carrying out religious social responsibilities.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how customers' purchasing decisions at Abu Rohmah Store are influenced by store layout and rational motivation. The study uses a quantitative survey approach, gathering information from 50 respondents via questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the gathered data. The results indicate that store layout has a significant effect on consumers' purchasing decisions, with a regression coefficient of 0.814. Furthermore, customers' rational motivation is also significantly influenced by store layout, as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 0.347. According to the coefficient of determination, 64% of the variation in consumers' purchase decisions can be explained by these two variables. These results aid in the creation of marketing plans and the enhancement of offerings in the neighborhood retail industry.

This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality on purchasing decisions with price as a moderating variable at Nawa Bistro Solo. Using a quantitative approach with causal-comparative design, data were collected through online questionnaires from 48 respondents selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument consisted of 20 question items with a Likert scale of 1-5 that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used moderation regression with classical assumption tests. The results show that product quality has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions with a regression coefficient of 0.612 (p < 0.05). Price proved to act as a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between product quality and purchasing decisions with an interaction coefficient of 0.284 (p < 0.05). The majority of respondents (77.1%) showed positive purchasing decisions and 66.7% gave positive assessments of product quality. These findings imply that appropriate value-based pricing strategies can optimize the impact of product quality on consumer loyalty in the culinary industry.

Maritime security is a strategic issue in Southeast Asia due to the high dependence of ASEAN countries on sea lanes for trade and regional stability. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role in strengthening maritime security cooperation in ASEAN. The methods used are literature studies and analysis of policy documents related to ASEAN maritime cooperation and national maritime policies. The results of the study show that Indonesia is active in various regional forums such as the ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF) and the Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), and carries the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) initiative. Despite challenges such as overlapping institutional authority and limited resources, Indonesia continues to demonstrate a strong commitment to promoting maritime diplomacy, strengthening governance, and handling issues such as IUU Fishing and the South China Sea conflict. The implications of this cooperation are increased regional stability and strengthening ASEAN's position in facing the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific.