The application of Virtual Reality (VR) based on the Metaverse in education is an innovation that can enhance the quality of learning by providing a more interactive and immersive learning experience. This article discusses the development of VR-based learning integrated with the Metaverse using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, VR and Metaverse-based learning can be tailored to students' needs, creating a more flexible and collaborative learning experience. The use of this technology allows students to learn independently or in groups, while improving practical skills and creativity. This study shows that by applying the ADDIE model, VR and Metaverse-based learning can be more effective in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes, addressing the challenges of education in the future.

This study aims to analyze data security in popular chat applications using network forensics methods. This method enables the collection and analysis of data from networks to detect and understand potential threats or security breaches. In this research, several chat applications are analyzed to identify vulnerabilities that unauthorized parties could exploit. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the steps that can be taken to enhance data security in chat applications.
 
 

The authoritative document entity commonly referred to as the Certificate of Ownership (SHM) is legally constructed as a supremacy manifestation of the dominant right to geocadastral space, as determined by the legislative norm of lex generalis contained in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA). Terminologically, Article 20 paragraph (1) of the UUPA affirms that the dominant right is an absolute hereditary prerogative and has the highest legal density in the agrarian civil structure. This study is intended as an academic examination of the legal empire of the SHM document which was born from a legal substratum that experienced validity dysfunction, using the doctrinal paradigm of the principle of Nemo Plus Juris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet. This research is articulated through a doctrinal-normative legal approach based on the explication of positive legal literature and judicial jurisprudence. The results of the investigation conclude that the SHM entity derived from the legal anomaly-affected legal basis does not have normative validity that can be constitutionally maintained. The internality of the Nemo Plus Juris principle shows that legal actors do not have the authority to transfer rights that are not legally attached to them, so that the legal alienation process by the defendants in the form of a sale and purchase is null and void in material law. The implication is that the plaintiff's legal standing as a legal subject with land rights that are previously legally valid has the legitimacy to file an administrative cancellation of the SHM and reconstruction of the ownership status to the entity that is legally entitled. The judicium issued by the Panel of Judges at the Tondano District Court in the a quo case has substantially been in line with the principles of proportionality and legality, and has utilized legal instruments as a protective medium for the existence of legitimate agrarian rights. This confirms the supremacy of law in maintaining the integrity of the national land system from manipulative penetration based on flawed formalities of the right base.

This study examines the adaptive strategies employed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Shenzhen in response to the decoupling trend associated with the new US tariff policy. Given the' increasing complexity and unpredictability of international trade dynamics, Shenzhen SMEs must innovate and diversify their operational approaches to sustain competitiveness. The re-search highlights the significance of enhancing innovation capabilities, which enable SMEs to de-velop new products and services that meet shifting market demands. Additionally, the study empha-sizes the importance of market diversification and supply chain flexibility, allowing SMEs to miti-gate risks related to tariff impacts. Collaborative networks facilitate resource sharing and knowledge exchange, further bolstering adaptability. The findings indicate that by fostering a proactive entre-preneurial orientation and engaging with policymakers, Shenzhen SMEs can effectively navigate the challenges posed by the US tariff policy, ensuring long-term sustainability and growth in a competi-tive landscape through a sample of 190 SMEs in April of 2025.

Background: Combat sports are competitive contact sports where two participants (one-on-one conflicts) battle. Rapid weight loss (RWL) with dehydration (a dangerous practice) followed by rapid weight gain (RWG) is a standard pre-competition protocol. To achieve pre-competition weight limits, combat athletes often use rapid weight loss techniques that, in addition to an unhealthy diet, play an essential role in their physical performance. Objective: This pilot study assessed the impact of these two factors on the perceived performance of combat athletes, such as speed, endurance, fitness, and more, in two Lebanese cities. Methods: We selected a group of 384 combat athletes aged 18-40 from 65 private clubs in Beirut and Mount Lebanon. All completed questionnaires about socio-demographics, BMI, rapid weight loss practices, diet, and perceived performance. Findings: Combat athletes who adopted adequate rapid weight loss practices were positively associated with a healthy diet (polycorrelation = 0.1894, SE = 0.0745, Wald chi-square statistic = 6.46320, p<0.0001). Also, adequate rapid weight loss (polycorrelation = 0.9667, SE = 0.0083, Wald's chi-squared statistics = 13565.23, p<0.0001) and healthy diet (polycorrelation = 0.3393, SE = 0.0700, Wald's chi-square statistics = 23.4948, p<0.0001) were positively associated with compatible perceived performance. Recommendation: There is a link between rapid weight loss practices, poor eating habits, and perceived performance. Rapid weight loss practices can prevent combat athletes from getting the nutrients they need, which can interfere with their performance, damage their immune system, and increase the risk of injury. Large-scale longitudinal studies are required to confirm the findings.

This study aims to analyze the role of the State Administrative Court Procedure Law (PTUN) in protecting citizens' rights against decisions of state administrative officials that are considered detrimental. In the context of a state of law, PTUN functions as a control mechanism against actions of administrative officials that are not in accordance with the law. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collection through literature studies, and analysis of PTUN decision documents. The results of the study indicate that PTUN plays an important role in upholding the principles of a state of law and providing legal protection for citizens. However, there are still challenges in its implementation, such as the slow trial process, lack of public understanding of PTUN procedures, and limited access to legal aid. To overcome these challenges, an increase in the number of judges, broader legal education for the public, and better access to legal aid services are needed. In conclusion, PTUN procedural law plays a vital role in ensuring that decisions of state administrative officials can be tested and legally accounted for, thus providing effective protection for citizens.

The Sumba Christian Church (GKS) Jemaat Makamenggit, located in East Sumba Regency, has a substantial number of congregants, including 425 members at the central Makamenggit church. Financial management activities, such as revenue from Children's Offerings (PA), Diakonia, and building funds, are still carried using notebooks and calculators. This method is not only time-consuming and also prone to recording errors and reduces transparency in financial reporting. This poses challenges in meeting regulatory requirements and maintaining the trust of the congregation and related stakeholders. In the current digital era, transparency and accuracy in financial reporting are essential needs. To address this challenge, a web-based information system which aims to speed up the process of calculating incoming and outgoing money and financial reporting. With this new system, the recording process, which typically takes 1-2 days, can be simplified to just 10-15 minutes. The use of a web-based system also provides real-time access to financial data for various stakeholders, such as church administrators, congregation councils, and supervisory bodies, regardless of geographical constraints. The proposed system will enable the church treasurer to manage church finances more efficiently, reduce reporting time, and meet applicable regulatory demands.In an effort to speed up the financial calculation process at GKS Makamenggit, this financial information system was developed using the waterfall method. It is hoped that the results of this research will help financial treasurers to manage incoming and outgoing finances and with this system, financial reporting will be more transparent and efficient.

The digitalization era is developing rapidly in Indonesia. The pandemic that occurred accelerated digital transformation in various fields. Various digital platforms were developed to support the continuity of education during the pandemic so that they could develop digital skills and improve the status of digital literacy in Indonesia. In addition to the positive impacts, there are also negative impacts from the development of digital transformation. The National Cyber and Crypto Polytechnic which focuses on information security is committed to encouraging increased digital skills and literacy in the surrounding community. Therefore, this time the National Cyber and Crypto Polytechnic located in Bogor Regency began to focus on developing digital skills and literacy among high school students or equivalent in Bogor Regency. The students' digital literacy status was first measured and then the right program or activity was determined to develop their digital skills and literacy. The digital literacy status was measured based on four pillars, Pillar 1 Digital Skill, Pillar 2 Digital Ethics, Pillar 3 Digital Safety, and Pillar 4 Digital Culture. Data collection was carried out by giving questionnaires to 276 high school students or equivalent who used the internet in Bogor Regency. Students give a score to each statement and then the score will be calculated as an average per pillar. The digital literacy index is obtained from the average score of all pillars. The digital literacy index result is 3.14 which is higher than the West Java digital literacy index of 2.78. In addition, pillar 2 Digital Ethic has the lowest score among the four pillars so that the next program is expected to aim to increase this score.

Hospitals must be able to deal with the dynamics of rapid change in the digital era, hence the need for digital transformation. Retention towards digital transformation in hospitals can take many forms, especially among medical and administrative staff. This study aims to evaluate the success of digital transformation at Cahaya Medika Hospital using the DeLone & McLean Model. This research method is quantitative explanatory research. The sample in this study were health workers, administration and medical support at Cahaya Medika Hospital totaling 127 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires and descriptive analysis techniques using the SEM-PLS method. The results showed system quality, information quality, and service quality influenced directly and indirectly on net benefits through use and user satisfaction on officers at Cahaya Medika Hospital. These results have theoretical implications that support theory and previous research. Managerially, it is expected to provide input for Cahaya Medika Hospital management to improve the success of digital transformation in hospitals. These efforts can help increase the level of system usage and user satisfaction which ultimately increases net benefits for the hospital. There is a significant influence of system quality, information quality, and service quality on net benefits through usage and user satisfaction on the success of digital transformation in RS Cahaya Medika Tambun Utara.

Pokdarwis Gunungsari Pucuke Kendal (Mitra) Ngesrepbalong Village, Limbangan District, Kendal Regency was formed in 2016 through a village deliberation forum and in 2022, Ngesrepbalong Village was officially designated as a tourist village based on the Decree Kendal Regent Number 556/343/2021. Gunungsari Pucuke Kendal Pokdarwis is led by Wahyudi as chairman with a board of administrators who manage several mainstay tourist attractions. The local potential of Ngesrepbalong Village consists of natural tourist attractions, biodiversity, cultural attractions and local processed products. The problems experienced by partners are (1) The problematic aspects are related to branding and promotion of tourism potential that has not been optimal. Not yet there is a design destination branding as identity For introduce tourist Village It's so long. For example, improving tourism infrastructure to support branding and the identity of tourist destinations, (2) Conditions in the field show limited human resources to promote tourism through social media, (3) the absence of technology/tools that help sort coffee by size, so that sorting is done manually. The output targets of the solutions offered include (1) Availability of digital tourism packages presented on websites and social media, (2) The availability of embossed letter branding for regional identity, (3) Coffee grader machines are available, (4) 200 environmentally friendly coffee packages are available from paper craft, and (5) As many as 15 Pokdarwis members and UMKM post-harvest coffee processing have increased their capacity and knowledge in technology-based business management. Plan activity Which proposed (1) Socialization And coordination beginning, (2) Training administration and planning professional BUMDes business, (3) Branding training through destination branding design (4) Training technopreneurship-based business management , (5) Facilitation of TTG grader machines and environmentally friendly packaging (5) Mentoring, and (6) Evaluation. The outputs of community service are (1) Accredited national journals, (2) Print/electronic media publications, (3) Video documentation, and (4) increasing community knowledge and skills.