Development and supervision of regional government is an important aspect in realizing good and accountable governance. In Bandung Regency, guidance and supervision is carried out by various parties, including the central government, regional government and the community. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of government guidance and supervision in the Bandung Regency area. The research method used is a literature study by examining various data sources, such as statutory regulations, reports on the results of coaching and supervision, and related research journals. The research results show that government development and supervision in the Bandung Regency area still has several weaknesses, such as lack of coordination between stakeholders, limited human resources, and not yet optimal use of information technology.Based on the research results, several steps are recommended to increase the effectiveness of government guidance and supervision in the Bandung Regency area, such as: Strengthen coordination between stakeholder, Improve the quality of human resources, Optimizing the use of information technology, Increase community participation in government development and supervision

Important conceptual activities are carried out to deal with the environmental crisis by preserving the environment through reforestation. The condition of developing areas and the changing function of space for development requires the concept of greening. Humans are one of the determining factors for efforts to preserve the environment while having the role and responsibility of empowering environmental wealth for the survival of the ecosystem. The purpose of this community service activity is to revive natural aesthetics, trees as air fresheners, and flood mitigation. Community service with greening efforts to preserve the environment uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method as a basis. The results obtained include the creation of a fresh, healthy, and cool atmosphere, nature becomes maintained and clean, and the addition of new knowledge to do reforestation through planting tree seedlings.

Orphans often face obstacles in obtaining proper education. This program provides support through scholarships and participation in Qur'anic and Mathematics Olympiad competitions. Through this program, orphans can access quality education, increase their confidence, and develop their potential. The community service method was conducted through observation and documentation. The results show an increase in academic achievement and moral character development of the orphans. In conclusion, this program plays an important role in supporting orphans in achieving their right to education and developing their potential through educational competitions. The results show an increase in academic achievement, moral character development, and increased confidence of the orphans. This community service makes a positive contribution in supporting orphans in achieving their right to education and developing their potential through educational competitions.

The urgency of the current generation is that it is necessary to improve the character of children so that they are ready to become young people who are ready to build the nation. Improving character requires strong education, especially in religious education, one of which is reciting the Koran. The aim of this service research is to increase interest in reading in young children. This service is described qualitatively using observational and documented data collection along with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data analysis is carried out by collecting, presenting, condensing and drawing conclusions from the data. The results of this service show that there is a need for strategies to increase interest in studying the Koran in young children. Children are instructed by the author to read, understand and apply the contents of the Koran in their daily lives.

Companies today are faced with a variety of opportunities and threats. Entrepreneurs are starting to be pressured to innovate, minimize operational costs, and perform well in their business. An increase in sales can be said to be a series of activities to increase the release of products through buying and selling activities. This service aims to share a technology development to increase sales in the beret hat convection MSME business in Ngudi Hamlet, Punggul Village, Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency. The method used as basic research for this service activity is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The result of this activity is the establishment of Shopee and Tokopedia accounts that have been developed regarding business descriptions and photos of attractive products. The author emphasizes the spirit of entrepreneurship in the era of more and more competitors by utilizing social media and e-commerce.

Government oversight is very important in ensuring accountability and transparency in public administration, especially in the context of regional autonomy. This research examines the challenges and strategies in improving government oversight mechanisms in the City of Bogor, Indonesia. The main findings highlight the importance of strengthening internal oversight institutions such as Regional Inspectorates through capacity building and the use of technology. Innovations such as digital platforms for public participation and performance evaluation systems have been successfully implemented to increase transparency and efficiency in the delivery of public services. However, its implementation overcomes challenges such as limited resources and varying levels of community participation. This research provides further grants from technological advances and a strong regulatory framework to increase the effectiveness of government oversight and reduce the risk of corruption and irregularities in Bogor City government processes.

This community service research aims to describe hygiene care activities with the community located in the Al-Musta'in Mushollah, Ngentak Hamlet, Sumberjo Village, Plandaan District, Jombang Regency. The author used descriptive qualitative research with observation and documentation data collection techniques at the research location. The research method used before the activity was Particaptory Action Research (PAR). The results of the research show that the residents of Sumberjo Village have a high level of concern for cleanliness around the Al-Musta'in Musholla area in Ngentak Hamlet. These findings illustrate that there is a high sense of togetherness and solidarity among residents, as well as showing the existence of strong values of friendship and mutual respect between fellow residents. This reflects the culture of mutual cooperation that is still strong in society, where they not only care about the cleanliness of the environment individually, but also actively participate in maintaining cleanliness together, making the Al-Musta'in Musholla a focal point for uniting in efforts environmental maintenance and positive social values.

Abstrak –  Penggunaan website sebagai identitas dari suatu perusahaan saat ini sudah umum dilakukan suatu organisasi atau lembaga. Klinik Pratama Dr Jo adalah salah satu perusahaan yang menggunakan website untuk memperjelas identitas perusahaan, disamping fungsi lainnya seperti fungsi pendaftaran online. Namun dari hasil analisa awal, tampilan website tidak memenuhi standard beberapa aturan desain yang ada, mulai dari pengambilan warna yang kurang menegaskan identitas, serta tidak terdapatnya kontras pada warna sehingga beberapa aktivitas juga menjadi sulit untuk dimengerti pengguna. Pengambilan data dari pengguna dengan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) diperoleh skor website 41,83 dengan grade F, rating poor, dan memiliki tingkat penerimaan not acceptable. Untuk itulah penelitian ini melakukan perancangan ulang desain aplikasi menggunakan metode User Centered Design, yaitu perancangan dengan mengutamakan pengguna sebagai pusat dari penelitian. Setelah dilakukan perancangan ulang, pengambilan data dengan metode SUS menghasilkan skor 88,16 dengan grade A dan rating excellent yang berarti bahwa aplikasi memiliki tingkat penerimaan yang baik atau acceptable.

The current global era is pushing countries in the world, including Indonesia, towards international trade. Financing for international trade activities carried out by Indonesia comes from foreign exchange reserves. Foreign exchange reserves are assets owned or saved in the form of foreign currency for foreign financing sources. This research aims to determine the influence of oil and gas and non-oil and gas exports on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The data that researchers used in this research was secondary data for 10 years, starting from 2014 to 2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This research uses quantitative methods and the analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis using the Eviews10 program. The results of the analysis show that oil and gas and non-oil and gas exports together or simultaneously have a significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. Individually or partially, oil and gas exports have a negative and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. Meanwhile, non-oil and gas exports partially have a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia.

There are two ways to process test results to determine graduation standards, namely Norm Referenced Test (NRT) and Criteria Referenced Test (CRT). However, they differ in data processing function, which affects the outcome of data processing. Because the author tends to process score results based on norms with the reasoning that there are no absolute provisions put forth by one party in one direction. Therefore, through this article, the author tries to explain in depth about this Norm Referenced Test along with examples of score processing. This study uses a literature review with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that with Norm Referenced Test, students' graduation will be determined by summing up or finding the average score from the final learning outcomes, and that's how they will be declared as either passing or failing participants. Like the test results processing discussion, where out of 25 students, after calculating the average score it was found to be 67.92, therefore if a student's score does not meet this requirement, they will be declared as not passing. This means among the group table receiving scores below 65 will need remedial, while scores of 70 and above are declared passing..