This research examines the application of International Humanitarian Law in armed conflicts and the involvement of countries in blockades to promote peace. It reveals that Humanitarian Law is enforced through the 1977 Additional Protocol, which governs international and non-international armed conflicts. The study also highlights Israel’s use of retaliatory Cast Lead operations in response to Hamas rocket attacks, which pose a threat to Israeli citizens’ safety. A narrative review is a research method that defines a topic, searches for relevant literature, organizes it, analyzes findings, and presents results in narrative form. It is suitable for broad overviews and provides flexible analysis. The ancient state of Israel, established by Shaul around 1025 BC, faced conflicts with the Palestinian nation, leading to the rise of groups like Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The Israeli Navy declared a blockade of the Gaza Strip in 2009, but the status of occupation remains questionable. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is needed to protect victims affected by the conflict, and law enforcement mechanisms include diplomatic settlements, criminal investigations, and warnings. International Humanitarian Law is consistently respected and enforced, despite ongoing breaches, particularly in armed conflicts. Blockades, such as Israel’s infringement on Gaza, have resulted in widespread pain and loss of lives, highlighting the need for a more balanced approach to conflict resolution.

Introduction: Groups with different ideologies have different perspectives on civilization and, therefore, can exhibit various cultural values. In today's globalized world, people from different cultural backgrounds interact through the web, and using emerging communication technologies, such as short videos, is a challenge, especially in public health. Although studies have shown that globalization can alter the process of cultural production and consumption and strengthen cultural identity, there are still differences in cultural production and cultural identity in public health.

Methods: This study explored the differences in information understanding from different cultural contexts in the healthy cultural space and used qualitative analysis to explore these differences. Use of online ethnography for short video text objective observation and analysis. This study will take TIKTOK as the research object and analyze the feedback of different cultural groups on the problem in the real-time interaction of the subjects public health environment.

Findings: This study reveals key differences in cultural communication strategies and highlights the challenges of cultural acceptance in both contexts. The findings provide fresh insights into how multiculturalism shapes and is influenced by the use of new media technologies in public health communication.

Originality: This study provides novel insights into the unique communication practices of two specific social media accounts (@publichealthmsia and @????). By focusing on their distinct challenges and approaches, it introduces innovative frameworks and guiding questions for addressing technical dilemmas in social media communication.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerimaan konsumen Kota Pekanbaru terhadap belanja bahan makanan secara online melalui aplikasi e-grocery dengan menggunakan kerangka Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Objek penelitian ini adalah 174 responden perempuan berusia 18 tahun ke atas yang pernah menggunakan layanan e-grocery. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) melalui perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived ease of use (PEU) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived usefulness (PU)
dan attitude (ATT). PU juga terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ATT dan behavioral intention (BI). ATT memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap BI, namun PEU tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap BI. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemudahan penggunaan aplikasi belum tentu memicu niat untuk menggunakannya, namun manfaat yang dirasakan dan sikap positif terhadap aplikasi berperan penting dalam mendorong perilaku konsumen. Penelitian ini juga menemukan efek mediasi signifikan dari PU dan ATT dalam hubungan antara PEU dan BI. Keunikan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan model TAM dalam konteks lokal dengan populasi perempuan sebagai pengambil keputusan utama dalam belanja bahan makanan. Implikasi dari studi ini memberikan wawasan strategis bagi pengembang e-grocery dalam mengoptimalkan aspek kemudahan dan manfaat guna meningkatkan niat penggunaan konsumen. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan faktor eksternal seperti kepercayaan, kualitas produk, dan perilaku aktual konsumen.

Skills and abilities are needed by students in carrying out MBKM internship activities in various institutions. This is necessary so that students can perform at their best during their internships at various institutions. In addition to the need for internships, the skills acquired by students can be implemented in the workforce once they graduate from their bachelor's degree. This service aims to realize the golden generation in 2045 and the fourth astacita, which is to strengthen human resource development. There are 3 main activities provided during this training, namely: three service activities that include strengthening work ethics, cultural and work ethos training, and enhancing digitalization skills. These three main activities are the core activities that must be attended by intern students as an initial step to optimize their skills and abilities. Based on the results obtained, such optimization programs are very helpful for students as an initial step in preparing for internships at institutions. In addition, students have knowledge of how to quickly adapt in their institutions. This is very relevant and needs to be continuously developed to ensure that students are optimally prepared to face an increasingly competitive in world of work.

Guna terus mempertahankan suatu usaha saat ini sangat penting untuk memperhatikan kepuasan pelanggan. Sebab, persaingan usaha semakin ketat serta munculnya berbagai produk berkualitas dengan harga terjangkau. Sehingga pemilik usaha perlu memperhatikan berbagai factor yang mampu berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan. Tak terkecuali, usaha Tomoro Coffee Semawis Kedungmundu, sebuah kafe di Kota Semarang. Oleh sebab itu, studi ini bermaksud untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dari produk, price fairness, serta kepuasan yang dirasakan pelanggan dengan service quality sebagai variabel intervening pada objek tersebut. Data yang digunakan adalah review dari Tomoro Coffee Semawis Kedungmundu di aplikasi Google Maps dari Desember 2023 hingga September 2024. Seratus pelanggan yang membeli produk di Tomoro Coffee Semawis Kedungmundu dilibatkan sebagai responden. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposive. Statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data, kemudian uji asumsi klasik, uji t, KD (koefisien determinasi), dan uji analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil studi memperlihatkan jika kualitas dari produk berpengaruh signifikan serta positif pada kepuasan pelanggan. Price fairness berdampak signifikan serta positif pada kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas produk dan price fairness berdampak signifikan serta positif pada kualitas layanan, secara parsial. Kualitas layanan berdampak signifikan serta positif pada kepuasan pelanggan. Serta kualitas produk serta price fairness secara individual berdampak signifikan serta positif pada kepuasan pelanggan melalui service quality.

Introduction: The use of social media as a channel for political communication is becoming increasingly common in modern society. Some users seek virality to influence public opinion. Among them, some employ manipulative tactics to achieve virality, which can undermine deliberative democracy. Unfortunately, the impact of manipulative virality on deliberative democracy has not received sufficient attention. This study aims to describe how manipulative virality poses a threat to deliberative democracy. The researchers focus on five social media platforms--X, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube, because Indonesians widely use these for political communication.

Methods: The researchers use a qualitative, exploratory approach, focusing on relevant documents using interpretive analysis and observation to study of X, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube.

Findings: Research identifies four methods of manipulative virality that undermine deliberative democracy: using fake accounts, deploying bots, paying buzzers, and spreading hoaxes. These practices threaten and subvert deliberative democracy by creating false appearances of support, potentially distorting public opinion, misleading policymakers, and damaging society. Manipulative virality often benefits wealthy groups, as they can afford to pay buzzers and deploy bots, unlike poorer groups.

Originality: This study explores the role of social media in public discourse to promote deliberative democracy. It offers novelty by presenting an in-depth analysis that digital media has the potential to undermine deliberative democracy due to the use of bots, fake accounts, and paid influencers. The findings emphasize the importance of preserving authentic public dialogue while addressing unethical practices that manipulate social media for personal or political gain.

The Kalibawang Urban RDTR for 2022-2042 will see adjustment to the Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation No. 11 and No. 14 of 2021, aims to analyze obstacles to implementing ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation No. 11 and No. 14 of 2021 in the preparation for the  Kalibawang Urban RDTR. This research uses descriptive methods with qualitative research with data collection is carried out by observation dan documentation, and data analysis are Miles and Huberman (1984) consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Data collection originates from RDTR database of Kalibawang Urban RDTR material documents in the form of technical material, factual analysis material, policy study drafts, and the 2018 Kalibawang Urban RDTR draft. Data reduction is related to analyzing the obstacles in  implementing the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 11 and ATR/BPN Ministerial Number 14 of 2021 compare material: RTRW Kulon Progo Regency for 2012-2032 and Draft RDTR for Kalibawang City for 2022-2042, material for RTRW for Bontang Regency for 2019-2039 and RDTR for Bontang City for 2016-2036, as well as material on the East Kutai Regency RTRW 2015-2035 and the Sangatta Urban Area RDTR 2022-2042. Display data related to RDTR database material in a geodatabase via a Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), planning maps, and technical material documents. Concluding the results of the analysis  results in obstacles to ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 11 of 2021 concerning the stages of preparing the RDTR: difficulty finding RDTR data and information, the process of obtaining image data takes time, adjusting the standard classification code for Indonesia fields in 2020 to four or five digits, checking special provisions, classification of spatial structure plan content and spatial patterns, and adjusting RDTR loads with Kulon Progo RTRW and regulations. Obstacles in implementing ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation No. 14 of 2021 regarding the preparation of the database and presentation of RDTR maps: re-delineation of the RDTR map by the Decree of the Regent of Kulon Progo Number 190 of 2021, adjusting the timing of RDTR, image recording data, lack of RDTR data and information for various sectors, and checking spatial pattern maps compares to other images.

Banners are a simple yet highly effective promotional strategy for MSMEs. With attractive designs and strategic placement, banners can increase business visibility and attract more customers, thus contributing to local economic growth. The installation of banners as a promotional strategy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has been proven effective in increasing product visibility and sales. The discussion in this Community Service activity report describes the activities to promote MSMEs that take place in the Sepinggan Baru village. So, to support these activities, visual media is needed that can help optimize the promotion of MSMEs by installing banners. Banners are designed in various sizes that can be attached to MSMEs, so that villagers who have MSMEs can easily place the position of the banners to be installed. KKN students of Sepinggan Baru Village who are banner instructors and help install banners and RT.17 community members are very enthusiastic and grateful for the banners we provide, because it makes it easier for them to promote their businesses. The results of this activity show that the objectives of the activity were carried out well and the residents of RT.17 Village Sepinggan Baru who have MSMEs were very appreciative.

Radar systems play a crucial role in target tracking within urban environments, where challenges such as clutter, multipath effects, and electromagnetic interference significantly impact detection accuracy. Traditional radar methods often struggle to adapt to dynamic urban conditions, leading to decreased reliability in real-time target tracking. This study aims to develop and evaluate an AI-driven adaptive radar system that enhances tracking accuracy in urban settings. The research employs a quantitative approach using simulations to model radar signal processing under various environmental conditions. The AI model, based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), is trained to optimize radar performance by filtering out noise and dynamically adjusting detection parameters. The results indicate that the AI-based radar system achieves a tracking accuracy of 95.2%, significantly outperforming traditional radar systems, which only reach 80% accuracy. Additionally, the AI-enhanced radar reduces response time to 120 milliseconds, compared to 250 milliseconds in conventional systems, demonstrating improved real-time processing capabilities. The system also exhibits greater resilience to high-clutter environments, maintaining stable target detection despite signal interference. These findings highlight the potential of AI in enhancing radar functionality for applications such as surveillance, traffic monitoring, and security. Future research should focus on integrating AI-driven radar with real-world radar hardware, exploring multi-sensor fusion, and refining adaptive learning techniques to further optimize tracking performance in complex environments

The prevailing view on the impact of corruption on economic growth support the Sand the Wheels argument, namely: corruption impedes economic growth. Corruption increases transaction costs and market certainty. Furthermore, corruption redirects skilled labor from productive towards rent-seeking activities. Corruption also distorts the allocation of government expenditures. Nevertheless, empirical literature on the impact of corruption on economic growth is not unambiguous. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and economic growth. This study measures corruption using the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published annually by Transparency International (TI). Using a sample of 123 countries around the world during the period 2011 to 2018 and the fixed-effects method, the results show that higher corruption is associated with lower economic growth. In specific, a country that can lower its corruption level has a higher level of economic growth. Nevertheless, our heterogenous analysis that classifies country by continent shows that the significant effect remains only in America and Asia-Oceania.