Parenting and Child Adoption are crucial aspects of child protection implementation. This article explains suitable parenting patterns for parents to apply to their children. It also highlights child adoption as a subsequent step when no party is responsible for the child's custody. Adoption involves the legal transfer of parental responsibilities and custody from child’s biological family to the adoptive family. There are procedures for carrying out the adoption of a child which must be observed and complied with as outlined by legal regulations. This is intended to safeguard and uphold the child’s rights overall welfare.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

After Law Number 28 of 2009 pertaining to Regional Taxes and Regional Retributions was passed, the local administration is now able to collect local taxes in accordance with the plan. Finding out how taxpayer information and The purpose of this study is to determine how tax fines affect Pondok Melati District's adherence to land and construction tax payments. A review of the literature is utilized as evidence. This study employs quantitative methodologies, mostly through data collection via questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to evaluate the data in this study. The study's findings indicate that while both elements have favorable and substantial effects at the same time, unpaid knowledge and tax sanctions have a partial and relatively high impact in Pondok Melati District for land and construction tax compliance.

Education is a key element in improving the quality of human resources in the world. When the quality of human resources increases, life on earth will be better, which in turn encourages high productivity. Conversely, if the quality of human resources decreases, life on earth will also decline. The method used is a qualitative research method with a type of literature review, namely a review of research results and books on existing concepts to be studied in depth with a qualitative approach analysis so as to find new knowledge that can be used in the future. The results of the study are Physical education and sports provide various benefits, including physical health which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, social development through interaction in time. Character education basically aims to form individuals who have integrity, empathy, a sense of responsibility for themselves and society, and a commitment to upholding truth and justice. Physical activity in physical education also plays an important role in reducing stress and anxiety levels.

This article discusses case studies of three Muslim countries that implement different government systems, namely Saudi Arabia, Iran and Türkiye, to illustrate the diversity of political models in the Islamic world. Saudi Arabia adheres to an Islamic Monarchy system, where power is fully held by the royal family which is supported by religious legitimacy based on Sharia and Wahhabism. In contrast, Iran implemented an Islamic Republic system combined with the Regional al-Faqih doctrine, making clerical authority the center of political control.

This study aims to examine the application of mala in se and mala per se concepts in the counter-terrorism policy in Indonesia, based on Law Number 15 of 2003 in conjunction with Law Number 5 of 2018. Terrorism is categorized as an extraordinary crime that causes serious harm both nationally and internationally. This research employs a literature review and normative legal approach to analyze the application of criminal law norms within the context of human rights protection. The findings show that terrorism, as a mala in se offense, requires a comprehensive legal approach that prioritizes not only national security but also the protection of civil rights. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws, if applied too broadly and harshly, may violate the principles of due process and substantive justice. Therefore, counter-terrorism efforts must be based on the pro justitia principle, supported by independent oversight and active civil society participation to prevent abuse of power and maintain the integrity of the legal system.

This study aims to explore the relationship between emotional maturity and forgiveness in Psychology students of Padang State University. This study applies a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving 100 students as respondents selected using incidental sampling techniques. The results of data analysis show a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05) strengthening that the relationship between emotional maturity and forgiveness is statistically significant. This finding reveals that the higher the level of emotional maturity of students, the better their ability in forgiveness.

Background Problems: Finswimming face high psychological stress due to demands, competition, risk of injury, and challenging aquatic environments. Basic psychological needs and the ability to manage emotions are crucial factors in supporting athletes' mental well-being. Research Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationship between the fulfillment of basic psychological needs and emotions of finswimming athletes. Methods: The method used is quantitative descriptive using Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS) and Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ). Subjects involving 30 finswimming athletes at the Shark Aquatic Club. Results: The results of the study showed a significant positive relationship between the fulfillment of basic psychological needs and the emotions of finswimming athletes. Data analysis revealed that when athletes' basic psychological needs are well met, they tend to be better able to manage emotions effectively. This indicates that increasing the fulfillment of psychological needs is related to increasing the ability to control emotions. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between the fulfillment of basic psychological needs and the ability to manage emotions of finswimming athletes. This means that fulfilling psychological needs supports better emotions during the training phase. This study suggests paying more attention to meeting athletes' basic psychological needs in training programs to optimize athletes' mental well-being and performance.

Indonesia’s coastline, particularly Kendal Regency in Central Java, faces critical mangrove degradation due to land-use changes and rising sea levels. This study aims to asses the condition and erosion impacting Kendal's mangrove ecosystems to inform future conservation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, multi-spatial and multi-temporal imagery from 2005–2023 was analyzed and validated with field observations to evaluate mangrove species composition, structure, and land changes. The mangrove area increased by 52% in three locations, with the Bodri River delta (Pidodo Kulon and Pidodo Wetan villages) showing the most significant growth at 76.69 hectares. Ngebum Beach (Mororejo) had the largest proportional increase, reaching 185%. The ecosystems are moderately diverse, containing at least 11 mangrove species, though Rhizophora dominates due to extensive planting efforts. Despite stable conditions, these ecosystems face threats from deforestation for aquaculture, the primary driver of land erosion, compounded by rising sea levels. Although mangrove areas have expanded significantly, ongoing challenges include erosion, anthropogenic pressures, and limited species diversity. Future strategies must involve multi-stakeholder collaboration to implement sustainable practices, promote species diversity, develop erosion mitigation models, and conduct awareness campaigns to ensure the resilience of Kendal’s mangrove ecosystems.

Clean and Healthy Living behavior in schools is a set of behaviors that are practiced in the school environment, so that it is independently able to prevent disease, improve health, and play an active role in creating a healthy environment . Health education is clean and healthy living behavior using audio-visual and demonstration methods. This study aims to determine the effect of health education using audio visual and demonstration methods on the skills of clean and healthy behavior in elementary school students 5 besuki. This research method uses quasi experimental approach with two-group pre test and post test design. The population of all students aged 6-12 SDN 5 besuki as many as 95 students SDN 5 besuki, sampling techniques used purposive sampling with a sample of 77 respondents. The instruments used are PHBS, SOP, and module videos. The Data obtained from the study were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test and mann whitney Test. The results showed that the health education group using audio visual pre-test method amounted to 88.5 post-test 30.8 in the health education group using pre-test demonstration method amounted to 89.6 post-test 31.2. Wilcoxon test results in obtaining a p-value of 0.000 in the audio-visual and demonstration groups. Mann-whitneyy test results in getting the difference score from the difference between the two groups in getting the value of p-value 0.129 with an average value in the Audio-visual group of 35.42 and 42.49 demonstration group. It is expected that respondents who have not behaved in a clean and healthy life can apply health education using effective demonstration methods because the demonstration method is practiced directly by researchers and respondents so that it can be done independently.